动词ing作状语及典型练习题

Book4Unit4Grammar动词-ing作状语动词-ing或语短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。动名词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。动名词作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词。1.作时间状语Hearingthisnews,shegotfrightened.听到这个消息，她感到害怕。Whilereadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.当她看书的时候，不时地点头。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.2.作结果状语Theboyranevenfaster，reachingtheschooloutofbreath.那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.3.作伴随状语Hestoodbythewindow,watchingpeoplepassingbyhiswindow.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.4.作原因状语Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldn’tgotosleepthatnight.5.作让步状语Havinglivedhereforfouryears,Iamnotfamiliarwithmyneighbors.虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.6.作条件状语Heatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapor.把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。Workinginhissmallroom,hemadethreepairsofshoeseveryday.在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。7.作目的状语Hestayeduplateintothenight,attemptingtopasstheentranceexam.他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。注意：1．当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应该使用完成式：havingdone.Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格2．当动名词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：3．Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。Beinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwell.4．动名词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Rushingintothedining-room,Ifoundsuperwaswaitingfor.Rushingintothedining-room,supperwaswaitingforme.（错）Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。5．动名词作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。Whilereadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.=Whileshewasreadingthebook,shenoddedfromtimetotime.Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.=AsIamastudent,Imuststudyhard.Notknowinghowtodoit,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.=Ashedidn’tknowhowtodoit,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。6.独立主格结构动名词作状语时，当其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致的时候，而是有自己的独立的逻辑主语时，我们把这样的结构称位独立主格结构。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Hermotherbeingill,shehadtolookafterherathome.Timepermitting,wewillvisittheGreatWall.★非谓语解题“五步骤”：1、牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。2、分析句子成分。判断句子中是欠缺谓语还是非谓语。（主要是看句子中已经有没有谓语动词了，因为英语中一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。）3、寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式；如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。4、了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式；如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。5、分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。1.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_______energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt2._______Manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold3．_____severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments．A．HavingbeenfailedB．HavingfailedC．ThoughfailedD．Becauseoffailure4.__________theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning5._____isknowtoall，Chinawillbean_____andpowerfulcountryin20or30years'time．A．That；advancingB．This；advancedC．As；advancedD．It；advancing6.____areply，hedecidedtowriteagain．A．NotreceivingB．ReceivingnotC．NothavingreceivedD．Havingnotreceived7.＿＿＿allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish8.Thefood＿＿＿atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked9.Withhisson＿＿＿,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.tobedisappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.todisappoint10.NearlyeverygreatbuildinginBeijingwasbuilt＿＿＿south.A.tofaceB.facingC.tohavefacedD.beingfacing11.＿＿＿＿allthethings，hisadviceisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.ConsideredB.ConsideringC.ToconsiderD.Consider12.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge13.Fromthedates＿＿＿onthegoldcoin,itisconformedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenMarked14.____，yourcompositionisfullofmistakes．A．WritingcarelesslyB．WrittencarelesslyC．HavingwrittencarelesslyD．Beingwrittencarelessly15.____fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.see16.____fromthespace,wecanseetheearthisblue.B.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.see17.MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter_____afterdrinking．A．nevertodriveB．toneverdriveC．neverdrivingD．neverdrive18．——Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting．——Well，nowIregret______that．A．todoC．tohavedoneB．tobedoingD．havingdone19.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading20.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica．A．invitedB．toinviteC．beinginvitedD．hadbeeninvited21._______fromhearttroubleforyears