专题训练八--饮食、卫生与健康-中考英语阅读理解专题训练

专题训练八饮食、卫生与健康Passage1Manypeopletraveltodifferentplacesintheworldbyair.Usuallyittakesalongtime,perhapshalfaday,forpassengerstostayintheplane.Soairlines(航空公司)offerpassengersfood.Butitiscommonthattheyfeelbadaboutfoodtaste.Doyouagree?Tosolvethisproblem,airlinestryhardtoimprovetheirfood.Theywouldliketodosobecausetheydon'twanttolosecustomers.However,accordingtoscientificresearch,partofthereasonwhyplanefoodtastesbadisthatathighaltitude(海拔)wecannottastethingsaswellaswedoontheground.Alsoscientistshavefoundthatournosesbecomeverydryevenbeforeaplanetakesoff.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressure(气压)reducesonethirdofthesensibility(感觉)ofourtastebuds(味蕾).Soourtastebudsbecomesenseless.Thesadfact,however,isthatournosesdon'tknowit.Allofthesehelpexplainwhyfoodontheplanetastessobad.Theyalsohelpexplainwhyairlineschoosetoofferpassengerssaltyandspicy(辛辣的)food.Withoutdoingso,thefoodwouldbetasteless.Nowtherearemanyresearchesonthis.Accordingtooneofthem,somevolunteersareaskedtoliewiththeirfeethigherthantheirheadsforweeks.Andscientistswritedowntheirfeelingsaboutfoodtaste.Thoughscientiststrytheirbest,itisnotaseasyastheythought.Becausetheycan'tdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully,suchasthechangeinairpressure,makingfoodtastegoodisstillhardforthem.()1.InParagraph2,“thisproblem”means________．A.passengersstaylongintheplaneB.foodontheplanetastesbadC.passengershavenofoodtoeatD.foodontheplaneisexpensive()2.Whatdoairlinesdotosolvethisproblem?A.Getmorecustomers.B.Offermorefood.C.Improvetheirfood.D.Reducetheticketprice.()3.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressurereduces________ofthesensibilityofourtastebuds.A.halfB.onethirdC.onefourthD.onefifth()4.Whydoscientistsfeelithardtomakefoodontheplanetastegood?A.Thevolunteersdon'tknowaboutfoodtaste.B.Thevolunteersdon'tunderstandthem.C.Theycan'tfindenoughvolunteers.D.Theycan'tdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully.()5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TasteofAirplaneFoodB.AirplaneTravelC.ScientificResearchonNosesD.TheChangeinAirPressurePassage2Itseemsthatschoolchildrenallovertheworldcomplain(抱怨)abouttheirschoolfood.Whatdostudentsofyourageeatforlunchatschoolinothercountries?JapanHighschoolshavediningrooms.Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice,butnotburgersandchips.Otherchildrenbringfoodfromhome,suchascoldriceballs,meatorfish,pickles(泡菜)andvegetables.Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.UnitedStatesAtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken,lettuceandpickles,fruitandcookies.Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(总量)ofnecessarynutrition(营养)，suchas,vitaminA,vitaminCandcalcium(钙)．AustraliaMeatpies,sausagerolls(香肠卷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolshops.Butasthecountrypaysmoreattentiontochildren'shealth,healthierfoodshavestartedtoappearonschoolmenus.Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.Thesaleofredlabeled(标注)foods,includingcookies,chocolateandsoftdrinks,isservedonlytwiceaweek.Healthiergreenlabeledfoodssuchassushi,sandwiches,cornandwatermelons,however,areavailableeveryday.SouthAfricaMostofSouthAfricanschoolsdonotservemealsatall.Classesendat1：30p．m.andstudentsgettheirownlunches.Manystudentsbringfoodfromhome,usuallysandwiches.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.Asaresult,ithascausedariseinobesity(肥胖)amongchildren.Butasmorepeoplebegantorealizethatbeingtoofatmaycausedifferentkindsofseriousillnesses,someschoolsintownshaveledthewaytowardsbetternutrition.Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunchesofporridgewithvegetables,suchascabbage,onions,beans,carrotsandtomatoes.()1.HighschoolsinJapanserve________．A.noodlesandriceB.burgersandriceballsC.chipsandvegetablesD.fishandroastchicken()2.Fromthepassage,weknowthetypicalmenufromaUSschoolis________．A.deliciousB.quitehealthyC.notveryhealthyD.popularinSouthAfrica()3.WhicharetraditionaldishesinAustralia?A.Meatpiesandhotdogs.B.Chocolateandsoftdrinks.C.Cookiesandsushi.D.Sandwichesandcorn.()4.InSouthAfrica，________．A.moststudentshavesandwichesandvegetablesforlunchB.studentslikefastfoodandfriedfoodverymuchC.moreandmorestudentsbecomeillD.studentsrealizedthatfastfoodandfriedfoodwerebadfortheirhealth()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.ParentsinJapanareinvitedtotastethefoodtwiceayear.B.IntheUnitedStates,schoollunchesmustprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamountofnecessarynutrition.C.InAustralia,manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.D.InSouthAfrica,schoolsdon'tservemeals.Passage3Whyiscleanwatersoimportanttodevelopingcountries?Arecentreportshowsthatabout80percentofdiseasesindevelopingcountriesarecausedbypoorwaterandlowsanitation(卫生)conditions.Inthosecountries,womenandgirlsspendseveralhourscollectingwater,butoftenpolluted,farawayfromtheirfamilies.Thepollutedwatermoreorlessinfluencestheirhealth.Inthiscase,thereisanurgent(迫切的)needforpeopleindevelopingcountriestohaveaccessto(有机会或权利使用)cleanwatertoimprovetheirhealth.HereisashortstoryaboutHadjaraZakari,a12­year­oldgirlinNiger.Havingaccesstocleanwaterchangedherlife.Shelearnedabouttheimportanceofhand­washingwhentheschoolfirstreceivedcleanwaterthreeyear