英语国家概况-谢福之-Chapter-1-Geography-People-and-Language

LOGOChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguageContentsGeographyIPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIIIIGeography1.GeographicalFeature2.Climate3.MajorCitiesMapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel(TheChannelTunnel)TheRepublicofIrelandGeographyTheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland,andWales.)NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislandsTitleandMakeupoftheUKLocationandterritoryLocationoftheUK:ThemainlandareaslieinwesternEuropeTotalterritory:242,910squarekilometers（jiangxi166，900squarekms)InterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.TopographyNorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales.Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.England:itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorth-west,northandsouth-west.BenNevisinScotland—thehighestpointinUKRiversandLakesThelongestriver:SevernRiver(354kilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(332kilometerslong)ThelargestLake:LoughNeaghThamesLakeDistrictinnorthwesternEnglandLakeDistrictinnorthwesternEnglandLakepoetsIWanderedLonelyasaCloud---WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.我孤独地漫游，像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡，忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放，在树荫下，在湖水边，迎着微风起舞翩翩。连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，在银河里闪闪发光，它们沿着湖湾的边缘延伸成无穷无尽的一行；我一眼看见了一万朵，在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。LakepoetsThewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:Igazed---andgazed---butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；与这样快活的伴侣为伍，诗人怎能不满心欢乐！我久久凝望，却想象不到这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——每当我躺在床上不眠，或心神空茫，或默默沉思，它们常在心灵中闪现，那是孤独之中的福祉；于是我的心便涨满幸福，和水仙一同翩翩起舞。ScotlandisFamousforfreshwaterlochs(lakes)likeLochNess;itsclans,kilts,medievalcastles,aswellaspoetryandsongsofRobertBurns(auldlangsyne).Lochnesscastlekilts2.ClimateMaincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/changeabilityIfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?istakenfromwhichpoem?Andbywho?odetothewestwindbyPercyshellymaritimeclimateplentyofrainfallprevailingsouth-westwindsandwestwindNorthAtlanticDrift(北大西洋暖流)Humidity&fogTheclimateofUK3.MajorCities—LondonTheRiverThamesCapitalcity----LondonLargestcityandlargestportintheUKThepoliticalcenter:Buckinghampalace,PalaceofWestminster/Houseofparliament,DowningstreetThefinancialcenter:Oneofthethreemajorinternationalfinancialcenterintheworld.(Paris,NewYork)Theculturalcenter:TheUniversityofLondon(thelargestuniversityintheUK),Britishmuseum,WestEnd…….CityofFogCapitalcity----LondonLondonisdividedintotheCityofLondon(theoldestpartofthecity,whichwasoncewalledup)andtheCountyofLondon(includesallthesuburbsandpartofthecountrysidearoundLondon,isdividedinto32boroughs)LondonhasareputationforthesharpcontrastbetweentheEastEnd伦敦东区(thepoorestdistrictinLondon)andWestEnd伦敦西区(ashoppingdistrictwithmanydepartmentstoresandexpensivedepartments,alsocenteroftheatres.)famousbuildingsinLondonBuckinghamPalaceWestminsterPalaceWestminsterAbbeyTheTowerofLondonBigBenNewScotlandYardWhitehallNo.10DowningStreetBuckinghamPalacehasbeenthemainhomeofourRoyalfamilysinceQueenVictoria.Itwasoriginallybuiltin1703fortheDukeofBuckingham.BuckinghamPalaceChangingofGuardsWestminsterPalaceHousesofParliamentWestminsterPalaceparliamentWestminsterAbbeyWestminsterAbbeyBritishKingsandQueenshavebeencrownedatWestminsterAbbeysincethetimeofWilliamtheConqueror.MostoftheBritishmonarchs,fromHenryIIItoGeorgeII,areburiedhere.InWestminsterAbbeythereisalsoanareacalledPoetsCornerwheremanyofourfinestpoetsareburied.QuestionsaboutWestminsterAbbeyWhowasthefirstliteraryfigureburiedhere?----Chaucer(fatherofEnglishhistory)Whowasthelastroyalfamilymemberburiedhere?---Diana(RoseofEngland)Intherightpicture,whosetombisit?---NewtonWhobuiltit?----EdwardtheconfessorTowerBridgeTowerofLondonofLondonTheTowerofLondonBuiltbyWilliamtheconqueror,firstusedasmilitaryfortress,thenastheking’spalace,thenastheprison,nowasthemuseumdisplayingweapons.BigBenWhitehall10DowningStreetNO10DowningStreetNewScotlandYardMetropolitanPoliceBritishMuseumGreenwichroyalobservatoryLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonHydeParkLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonLondonEyeShape:LikeacucumberOneofSkyscrapersinLondon(50storeys)Characteristics:EnergyconservationSwissReTowerMillenniumDome-----”PearlofLondon”STPaul’sCathedral---centerofchurchofEnglandMajorCities—EdinburghCapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecen