硬件工程师常用知识

.12345RLC.RC6?7?UD.7V.V.1VA=3VVB=0VDADBYDAYABDBRDAVY=30.3=2.7VDADBDAY+2.7V.12184934567TTL-TTLTTLTTLCMOS.12OCOC3setupholdtimeviolationSetup/holdtimeTT-Setuptime.setuptime,holdtime(SetupTime)Holdtime.45SRAMSSRAMSDRAMSRAMRAMDRAMRAMSSRAMSynchronousStaticRandomAccessMemorySRAMSSRAM/SRAMSRAMSDRAMSynchronousDRAM6FPGAASICFPGAASICASIC:.ASIC(ApplicationSpecificIC)7a5Vbc0.1uF220uF89TTLCOMS12V5V3.3VTTLCMOSTTL0.3-3.6VCMOS12V5VCMOSTTLTTLCMOS.5V12V10(1)(2)FF(3)(4)(5)11CP.nn10.7V2B0.3V3TTL5V10%4.5V5.5V456P0I/O88P278.910300340040008000PCM864KA13u15112M64K,30/3264K*32=2048k,2M.1280M120M13CDMACDMACDMA14CDMACDMACDMA15(FDM)(TDM)(FDMA)(TDMA)(CDMA)16TCP/IPOSI.2M8K8k2M8KWhatisPCChipset?ChipsetCPUISA/PCI/AGPECCKBCRTCUSBUltraDMA/33(66)EIDEACPIHostBridgeIntel8xxIDEMODEMUSBPCI266MB/s1.2.3..4./5.takeiteasy2011-11-1614:4311Vo=(1+Rf)ViVo=-Rf*Vi10010.80dB10V14V1mV1M1uA------.=0V0VR1R2R1R2R1I1=(Vi-V-)/R1R2I2=(V--Vout)/R2bV-=V+=0cI1=I2Vout=(-R2/R1)*Vi.ViV-Vi=V-R1R2II=Vout/(R1+R2)bViR2Vi=I*R2abcVout=Vi*(R1+R2)/R2V-=V+=0.R2R1R3(V1V-)/R1+(V2V-)/R2=(VoutV-)/R3abV1/R1+V2/R2=Vout/R3R1=R2=R3Vout=V1+V2(V1V-)/R1+(V2V-)/R2=(V-Vout)/R3R1R2R4R3(V1V+)/R1=(V+-V2)/R2a(VoutV-)/R3=V-/R4V+=V-R1=R2R3=R4V+=(V1+V2)/2V-=Vout/2Vout=V1+V2.R1R2R4R3(V2V+)/R1=V+/R2a(V1V-)/R4=(V--Vout)/R3R1=R2V+=V2/2R3=R4V-=(Vout+V1)/2V+=V-Vout=V2-V1.R1C1R1i=V1/R1C1i=C*dUc/dt=-C*dVout/dtVout=((-1/(R1*C1))V1dt,V1UVout=-U*t/(R1*C1)tVout0C1R2Vout=-i*R2=-(R2*C1)dV1/dtV1VoutV1..Vx=V1aVy=V2R1R2R3I=(Vx-Vy)/R2Vo1-Vo2=I*(R1+R2+R3)=(Vx-Vy)(R1+R2+R3)/R2R6R7,R6=R7Vw=Vo2/2R4=R5VoutVu=VuVo1Vu=(Vout+Vo1)/2Vu=VwefgVout=Vo2Vo1dhVout=(VyVx)(R1+R2+R3)/R2(R1+R2+R3)/R2(VyVx).0~20mA4~20mAADC4~20mA100R1R10.4~2VR3R5R2R4(V2-Vy)/R3=Vy/R5a(V1-Vx)/R2=(Vx-Vout)/R4Vx=Vy0~20mAV1=V2+(0.4~2)cdb(V2+(0.4~2)-Vy)/R2=(Vy-Vout)/R4R3=R2R4=R5e-aVout=-(0.4~2)R4/R2R4/R2=22k/10k=2.2fVout=-(0.88~4.4)V4~20mA-0.88~-4.4VADC.Q1(ViV1)/R2=(V1V4)/R6a(V3V2)/R5=V2/R4bV1=V2cR2=R6R4=R5abcV3-V4=ViR7ViR7I=Vi/R7RL100KRlR7.PT100PT1002VR14R20R15Z1PT100Z1Z2Z3D11D12D83Z1Z2Z3D11D12D83V3=2*R20/(R14+20)=200/1100=2/11U8B675V4=V3U8A2R18R19(V2-V4)/R19=(V5-V2)/R18U8A3V1=V7R15Z1PT100PT100R17U8A3V7=2*(Rx+2R0)/(R15+Rx+2R0)..eU8A32V1=V2abcdef.(V5-V7)/100=(V7-V3)/2.2V5=(102.2*V7-100V3)/2.2V5=204.4(Rx+2R0)/(1000+Rx+2R0)200/11V5RxPt100Z2R22U8C10V5=V8=V9=2*R0/(R15+Rx+2R0)a(V6-V10)/R25=V10/R26V10=V5abcV6=(102.2/2.2)V5=204.4R0/[2.2(1000+Rx+2R0)]ghV5V6RxR0Rxpt100