Synonymy

5.3.1Synonymy同义关系(1)Definitionofsynonyms(2)Typesofsynonyms(3)DifferencesofsynonymsGroupmember：郭清慧、周翠婷、刘欢、余岚岚、关玉娟、陈秋瑜、许晓冬、曾玲、李慕婷、陈金兰、林洁瑛(1)DefinitionofsynonymsSynonmy(thesamenessrelation)Definition：Synonymscanbedefinedaswordsdifferentinsoundandspellingbutmostnearlyalikeorexactlythesameinmeaning.——张维友Synonymyisatermusedinsemanticstorefertoamajortypeofsenserelationbetweenlexicalitems:lexicalitemswhichhavethesamemeaningbutdifferinmorphemicstructure,phonologicalformandusagearesynonyms,andtherelationshipbetweenthemisoneofsynonymy.Havetwomainsources:Anglo-SaxonandLatinEg.buyandpurchaseworldanduniversebrotherlyandfraternal(兄弟般的；友好的）ropeandcableSynonymsaretraditionallydefinedaswordsdifferinginsoundformbutidenticalorsimilarinmeaning.Abetterdefinition?Wordshavenearlyalikeorcloselyrelatedmeaninginatleastoneoftheirsenses.(2)TypesofsynonymsAbsoluteSynonymRelativeSynonym(1)Absolutesynonym绝对同义词绝对同义词,因为它们的概念意义完全相等,也可以叫等义词,这类词的数量很少,在语言运用中没有积极意义。Eg.scarlet-fever-----scarlatina（猩红热）word-building-----word-formation（构词）composition-----compounding（合成）sky[MEON]heaven[nativeEnglishword]thephysicalfirmament(天空)andthespiritualrealmofGodandtheangels(天堂)skythephysicalfirmamentheaventhespiritualrealmofGodandtheangels(2)Relativesynonyms相对同义词相对同义词,这些词在概念意义上基本相同,但在所表达的理性意义、色彩意义和用法方面存在着细微差别,所以也称为近义词。Eg.able-----capablenearly-----almostannounce-----declareTheactofcryingsynonymsDiscriminationofsensesweepstressesthesheddingoftearssobtoweepwithacatchinthevoicewhimpertocrywithlow,whining,brokensoundsmoanalow,prolonged,mournfulsoundblubberusedchieflyofchildren,impliesacontortionofthefacewithweepingandbroken,inarticulatespeech哽咽;又哭又闹呻吟;悲叹啜泣;呜咽抽噎流泪(3)Differencesofsynonyms随着英语词汇的增加,英语的近义词越来越丰富,除以上例子外,还有四、五个一组的。跳的近义词有jump、hop、leap、spring;语言的有language、dialect、tongue、speech、idiom;狡猾的有sly、cunning、crafty、tricky、foxy、artful;部分的有part、portion、piece、member、division、section、segment、fragment;1.从语义方面辨析1)语义轻重轻fear-----horror重disappoint----despairmistake-----error2)范围大小大coast----shore小read----skimspeak----talk3)个体与集体个体person---people集体tree----wood,forest2.从色彩方面辨析1）感情色彩不同褒义black---中性Negro----nigger贬义Statesman--------politicianSlender---------skinny2）语体色彩不同口语tell----inform书面语answer---replygodown---decline3.从用法方面辨析1)搭配不同aflockofsheep---aherdofcows---aschoolofwhalessolveaproblem---overcomeadifficulty---settleadispute2)词性和句法功能不同disease（n）-----ill(adj.)living(做定语)----alive（做表语）3)所指不同listento（动作）---hear(结果)lookfor-----findputon---wear4)地域不同（美国英语）apartment---flat（英国英语）fall------------autumnpolicemanconstablebobbycopneutralcolloquialslangSynonympairsinBritishandAmericanEnglishBrEAmEtubesubwaycaravantrailercallboxtelephoneboothliftelevatorpavementsidewalkrefuse/rubbishgarbagepetrolgasolineSynonympairsfromstandardBritishandnorthernBritishEnglishstandardBritishEnglishnorthernBritishEnglishanywayanyroadarmpitoxterchildbairnmoneybrassnothingnowtsandwichbuttyWhatcansynonymsdo?avoidrepetitionachieveprecisioninmeaningandvarietyinstyleserveascontextcluesThankyou!