华东师范大学英语综合班下学期期末考试翻译1An-Image-or-a-Mirage

Unit1AnImageoraMirageThereisadistinctdifferencebetweenawinningimageandmirage.Amirageisanillusion,andinyourquestforawinningimage,youmustbecapableofidentifyingsuchmirages.成功的形象和表象之间有明显的区别。表象是一种虚假的现象，要想寻求成功的形象，你必须有够识别这类表象。Oneofacommonmisreadimagestemsfromwhatpeoplethinkabouteyecontact.Howmanytimeshaveyouheard,“Youcantellhe’sanhonestmanbecausehelooksyoustraightintheeye.”Evidently,manypeoplemustbelievethatadishonestmanfeelssoashamedthathe’snottellingthetruththathecan’tevenfacethemdirectly.Butwhataboutanhonestindividualwhoistooshytolookstraightatyou?Furthermore,agoodconartistknowsthatmanypeoplejudgeintegritybythewayonelooksatthem,sohedeliberatelyincludeseyecontactinhisact.Becauseyoucan’tcountoneyecontactasaninfallibletest,youshouldneveruseittoevaluateanotherperson’shonesty.Nonetheless,sincemostpeopledojudgeothersbythiscriterion,besurethatyoualwayslookthemsquarelyintheeye.有一种形象常被误识，其根源在于人们对目光接触的看法。“他直视你的眼睛，一定是个老实人。”这类话你不知听过多少遍了。显然，许多人一定认为，不老实的人说假话会感到惭愧，甚至不敢面对别人。可是假如一个老实人因为怕羞而不敢直视你呢？再说，骗人的老手知道，人们通常判断一个人是否诚实，主要看这个人如何打量他们，所以他会故意把目光接触纳入其行为。因为你不能指望靠眼神接触来做出绝对可靠的判断，那么你最好别用这个办法评价别人是否诚实。不过，既然大多数人的确都用这个标准判断他人，你一定要经常直视他们的眼睛。Evaluatingaman’shonestbythewayhelooksatyoumakesnomoresensethanjudginghisintegritybythewayyourdogorcatreactstohim.Yethowmanytimeshaveyouheardadog’smastersay,“That’sinteresting——Thordoesn’ttaketostrangersveryoften.He’sagoodjudgeofhumannature,andthefactthathe’sfriendlywithyoutellsmesomegoodthingsaboutyou.”OncewhenIwasinthehouseofaprospect,hiscat,Tiger,looksuchalikingtomethathesatonmyshoulderduringmyentiresalespresentation.WhenIwasfinished,myprospect’swifesaid,“Mr.Shook,Tigeronlydoesthatwithmembersofourimmediatefamily.Youmustbeaveryhonestpersonforhertobesofriendlytoyou.”根据对方是否注视你的眼睛来评判他人，与根据你的狗或猫对来客的反映来判断这位客人的人品一样，都是毫无道理的。可是你不止一次的听到狗主人这样说：“真有意思！——索尔是不大喜欢陌生人的。他判断人品很在行。他对你友好，这让我知道你身上有优点。”有一次，我来到一个可能成为我客户的人的家中，他的猫“虎仔”对我如此的欢喜，在我对产品经行推销的整个过程中，它竟然一直趴在我肩上。我讲完之后，女主人说道：“舒克先生，虎仔对我们自家人才会这样。一定是因为你为人忠厚，它才对你那么友好。”ThetruthofthematterwasthatIrefrainedfrompushingthecatoffbecauseIwasafraidshe’dripmysuitorscratchmyeyesout.However,Ireplied,“Yes,ma’am,Tigerobviouslyhassomekindofinstinctthatenableshertoaccuratelyjudgehumans.Shesureisagoodjudgeofcharacter.”EventhoughTigerhappenedtoberightinmycase,Ipersonallyputverylittlefaithinananimal’sinstinctualabilitytojudgepeople.I’dsayhisreactionshavemoretodowithodorsandbodymovement.其实，当时我没把那只猫推开，是因为担心它会撕破我的衣服或抓出我的眼珠。但我却回答说：“是呀，夫人，虎仔显然具有某种本能能对人经行准确的判断。它的确善于判断人品。”虽然，对于我的情况来说，虎仔碰巧判断正确，但我个人并不相信动物具有判断人类的本能。依我看，动物对人做出的反映更多是与人的体味和身体动作有关。Somepeoplejudgeanotherpersonbythewayheorsheshakeshands.Agood,stronggriprepresentscharacter,whilea“deadfish”handshakeisabadsign.I,too,disliketheflabbyhandshakewithnolifetoit,butIamcarefulnottouseitasabasisofforjudginganindividual.Again,it’stooeasyforaconartisttoputaheartyhandshakeintohisact.Thoughyoushouldgiveafirmhandshakesoyou’llimmediatelycreateagoodimpression,don’tplacetoomuchweightonthenextfellow’sgrip,itdon’ttellyouanythingconcreteabouthim.有些人根据他人的握手方式来判断对方。得体而有力度的握手表现一个人的个性，而“死鱼”般软绵绵的握手方式则不是好迹象。我也不喜欢握手时那种软弱无力毫无生气的样子，但却谨慎小心，不把它作为判断人的标准。早说，骗人的老手在与人握手时很容易装出热情有力的样子。虽说握手时你应该用力，这样就立刻给对方一个良好的印象，但下次有人握紧你的手时，你别太当真，因为这并不能告诉你关于他的具体情况。There’scertainclean-cutappearancethatcreatesanhonestimage.Forexample,ablond,blue-eyedyoungmanwithaboyishgrinandalookthattypifiestheboy-next-door.All-Americantypewillalmostalwaysinspireconfidenceinothers.Thereisnologicalreasonforplacingsuchblindfaithinamansimplybecauseofthewayhelooks,yetmostpeopledomakesuchquickjudgments.Conversely,theseedymanwithdarkoilyskin,greasyblackhair,andamoustacheisnotconsideredhonest-looking.Similarly,awomanmayhavethelookswhichareusuallyassociatedwiththoseofastreetwalker,whereasahigh-pricedcallgirlmaylookrefinedandrefreshing.Naturally,clothesand——inthecaseofwomen——cosmetics,haveagreatdealtodowithsuchaforementionedappearances,butunfortunatelyaperson’snaturallook,overwhichheorshehaslittlecontrol,playanimportantpartinthejudgmentsmostpeoplewillmake.Ipitythehard-working,honestsalesmanwhowasbornwiththelooksthatmakepeopleautomaticallythink,”He’snotthekindofmanI’dwanttobuyausedcarfrom!”Ontheotherhand,averydeviousindividualmaylooklikethetypeyoucantrust.Howcanyoubesurethatthehitchhikerwholookssoclean-cutisanylessdangerousthantheonewho,becauseofhisappearance,lookslikearisk?Andhowcanyoubesurethatthisonereallyisarisk?Thepointisthatwearemostoftenbeingcompletelyunreasonableinmakingsuchsnapdecisions.某些整洁秀丽的外表会塑造诚实的形象。譬如，金发碧眼的年轻人，面带稚笑、一脸典型的邻家男孩的表情，这种地道的美国人的特征几乎总能激起别人的信赖。单凭外表盲目相信别人，从逻辑上讲毫无道理。然而，大多数人的确就这样草率判断别人。相反、皮肤油黑、毛发油腻、留着小胡须、脏兮兮的男人，不会被认为看上去老实。同样，某个女人的长相可能让你联系到街头妓女，而开价很高的应召女郎看上去可能会显得娴静清新。以上所谈的外表问题自然与着装——如果是女性的话——与化妆品有很大的关系。但不幸的是，不为人所控制的、与生俱来的外貌在大多数人的判断中起着重要的作用。我很同情那些勤奋而又老实的推销员。他们天生的那副面貌让人不由自主地这样想：“这种人的二手车我可不想买！”另一方面，一个阴险的人也许看上去像那种可信之人。仅仅因为外表，你怎能判断一个看上去像危险分子的搭车人，比一个整洁清秀的搭车人更危险吗？你怎能肯定这个人就一定是个危险人物呢？问题在于，我们往往毫无道理地草率做出这样的决定。Onalargerscale，votersoftenreactfavorablytoapoliticiansimplybecauseofhisclean-cutappearance.Hisopponentisoftenjudgednegativelybecausehehasnotbeenblessedwithnaturallooksthatgeneratetrust.Thiskindofjudgmentiserroneous,a