自然拼读讲义整理

辅音：Ⅰ.字母与发音一一对应的辅音bdfhjklmnballdogfishhatjumpkitelegmannotpqrstvwzpenquickrunsuntenvestwaterzooⅡ.有多个发音的辅音a/o/ue/i/y特例hardsoundsoftsounde/i--/∫/:ocean,racial,socialc/k/:cat、cap、can、coat、call/s/：city,cell,cycle,pencil,faceg/g/：girl,gas,get,give/dʒ/:age,change,ginger,Egyptforget,give,girl发hardsoundxxx中间/gz/音起始/z/音中间/结尾/ks/音exit,exam,exactxylophone,xeroxbox,next,mix,six,foxy中间或结尾：元音起始：辅音结尾+一个音节：/i:/结尾+2个及以上/e/中间/ɪ/yes,you,yard,yellⅢ.辅音字母组合双字母组合lbl-cl-fl-gl-pl-sl-blackblueblastclockclassclueflagflyflowerglassgladglueplateplaneplansleepslimsledrbr-cr-drfr-gr-prtr-brigebreadbrowncrabcrowncropdressdragondrinkfrogfrshfreegrapegrassgraypricepresspridetreetraintruckssc-sk-snsm-sp-st-sw-tw-scalescarfscoreskateskinskipsnakesnowsnacksmilesmoksmellsportspoonspotstopstepstaysweetswingswimtwelve三字母组合在结尾的字母组合：ckldlkmpnchndngnkntshstduckquickluckcoldgoldmildmilksilklampchampdumplunchbenchinchhandstandkindringlongsingbankpinkinkhunttentantfishbrushtrashvestlosttest复合字母构成的辅音：ch(tch)shthwhchairchecksheepsheldthinkthank,threethesethosewheel,wheatwhalewhowhole不发音的辅音字母：ghgnknmbpnpsrhscwrghghostghettosigngnatknigekneecombclimbpneumponiapsychicpsychologyrhinocerosrhymescissorsscenewristwrencheightnightshr:shrink,shred,shrill,shrimp,spl:splash,split,splice,splurgespr:spread,spray,springsqu:square,squirrel,thr:throw,threethrill.thronestrstring,straw,stream,street元音：1.每个元音都可以发多个音2.常说的元音字母有五个：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一个单词的中间或结尾时也被当做元音。3.每个单词里都包含有至少一个元音。每个单词的每个音节里都包含有至少一个元音。4.元音所发的音取决于该元音在单词中的位置或它是如何与其它元音组合的。一般来说，除了以下几种情况外，元音都发短音：4.1.该元音是元音字母组合的一部分4.2.该元音后面有字母r4.3.该元音在一个单词或重读音节的结尾4.4.单词以字母e结尾4.5.该元音是元音规则的特例Ⅰ.短元音Yy（在单词中部，发短i音）------------pyramid,lynx,typical,bicycle,symbolⅡ.长元音1.元音+辅音+e：元音发长音，即字母音。但u，除字母音，有时也读作拼音u，如ruler.Aaant/and/cat/fast/mapEeegg/net/let/bed/tentIi:inch/bit/stick/pin/pigOo:ox/hot/top/not/gotUu:up/bus/sum/cup/mud2.在单词或重读音节结尾时，该元音发长音.如：paper,be,she,legal,fiber,piano,open,future,human3.Y的发音只有一个音节，与I的长音相同：cry,try,buy,my2个或以上音节，与e的长音相同：baby,candy,city4.以下2个元音，前面的发长音，后面的不发音字母组合发音Examplesai,ay长A音sail,fail,day,sayea,ee长E音meal,tea,need,feedie长I音tie,lie,pieoa,oe长O音load,coat,toeue,ui长U音glue,blue,fruita_e:game/safe/cage/whalee_e:completeathletei_e:nine/kitenice/mileo_e:nose/rosebone/globeu_e:June/cubedune/rule特殊情况：字母组合发音Examplesea短ehead,bread,heavy,dead,readyei长aeight,veil,neigh,weight,freightoo长umoon,zoo,school,pool,tooloo短ubook,look,wood,foot,cookieeu长ueuro,feud,eulogy,sleuth,pneumoniaew长uchew,new,few,stew,blewie长eyield,chief,relief,believe,puppiesey长emonkey,money,honey,hockey,volley•kind•child•sigh•highighignindild长音：cold.gold,most,host短音：lost，costigh,ign,ild,ind字母组合发长音old,ost发o长音和短音5.元音字母+r，产生全新的音：ion,i发y音：onion,billion,opinion/sh/ce:oceanci:specialsi:missionti:nationarorer,ir,urawallauouo/or//er//er/car,large,partyfork,core,porkworm,doctor,nurse,girl,purplepaw,law,raw,ball,call,falltaught,caught,saucecough,bought,broughtsong,long,strong