硕士论文-侵权法的危机研究

华侨大学硕士学位论文侵权法的危机研究姓名：刘玉强申请学位级别：硕士专业：民商法学指导教师：张德瑞20070601I:IIAbstractNowwehavemadegreatachievementsintheconstructionofnomocracyandweareconstitutingourCivilCodelikearagingfire,soitmaybeoutoftimetomentioncrisisordeath.However,thecrisisoftortlawisreallyanimportantaswellasdifficulttheoryproblemandwemusttakeitseriously.Althoughthecrisisoftortlawisfrequentlymentionedinmanyscholars’writings,mostofthemjustdescribeditsphenomenaandtherearehardlyanysystematicdissertationsonit.Andthescholarsstillholddifferentevenimproperviewpointsonsomequestionssuchasthefunctionsoftortlaw,thecausesofthecrisisoftortlaw.Thestatusquoofthestudyinthisfieldisnotsatisfyingyet.Thisthesistakeshistoryanalysisandcomparisonanalysisasmainstudymethods.Onthebasisoftheinvestigationoftheevolutionoftortlaw,itanalyzesthecausesofthecrisis,thechangeofthefunctionsoftortlawandtherelationshipamongliabilityinsurance,socialsecuritysystemandtortlaw.Inthelastpartofthisthesis,theauthorpresentsseveralcountermeasuresagainstthecrisis.Thisthesisconsistsoffourchaptersasfollows:Chapterintroducesthestatusquoofthecrisis’researchandindicatesthelimitationsoftraditionalviewpointsonitandtheircausesinmethodology.Thenthispartilluminatestheresearchmethodsandorientationofthisthesisinbrief.Chapteranalyzesthecausesofthecrisisindetail.Onthebasisoftheinvestigationofthepatternofthetortlaw’sevolutionandthebackgroundtothecrisis,thearticlepointsoutthatthecrisisoftortlawisjustarepresentationofthenomocracy’scrisiseventhewholesociety’scrisesanditsessenceistheplightthattortlawmetbothintheoryandpracticeowingtothetraditionaltortlaw’sfailuretomeettheneedofsocialdevelopment.Thearticlealsoexplainsfourmaincausesofthecrisisasfollows:thelimitationsofthetortlaw’straditionaldevelopingpattern,thefragmentationofthecommonvalue,theeconomicanalyzingmethod’simpacttomoralinterpretationandthetortlaw’sinherentlimitation.Chapterreassessestherelationshipamongliabilityinsurance,socialsecurityIIIsystemandtortlaw.Thearticleemphasizesthatneitherliabilityinsurancenorsocialsecuritysystemisthecauseofthecrisis,onthecontrary,theyalleviatedthecrisiseffectivelyandredeemedtortlawsuccessfully.Chapterbringsforwardthecountermeasuresagainstthecrisisoftortlaw.Consideringthecausesofthecrisis,theauthorinsiststhatitisnecessarytoreassessthefunctionsoftortlawinordertopreventtortlawfromtakingtoomuchburden.Byanalyzingthechangeofthetortlaw’sfunctions,theauthorassertsthatthetortlaw’sfunctiontovalidatenewrightsisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantwhileitscompensationfunctiondecreasesgradually.Andthearticlepointsoutthattypemodeisanothereffectivecountermeasureagainstthecrisisandweshouldadoptitasourtortlaw’slegislativemode.Intheend,thearticlediscussesthesystemofsyntheticregulating.Itpointsoutthatthekeyofthesystemofsyntheticregulatingisthecooperationofdifferentsystemsandthiswillbetheemphasisofourstudyinfuture.Keywords:thecrisisoftortlaw;liabilityinsurance;socialsecuritysystem;syntheticregulating120J.19939422005200520002219721975theaccidentcompensationact2070Fleming,JolowiczJorgensen2090RP196792004119842092005123124G31232002315519967322005123199113115232004119971998828-3120042000229231StephenD.Sugarman,ACenturyofChangeinPersonalInjuryLaw,CaliforniaLawReview2000.2006219972PS21200561998811-131999120002200554199722120026200022623220009071991437440912003520002200173436200215661200512006120027772182J.200530200261115941995262006129411999110AABCabcAA20053200642311200022823220051231541220041819199812620044355Scottv.ShepherdFletcherv.RylandsDonoghuev.StevensonBlythv.BriminghamWaterworksCo.1319287152006422004538120051262006220051252000224200623200022414181512171818041writTortTrespassTrespassdirectforcibleTrespass14Trespassonthecase200634RP19679IdeSetUxv.WdeS.Y.B.Lib.Ass.F99,p.160.20045915TrespassTrespassonthecaseFortescue1725TrespassTrespassonthecasephysicalinterferenceTrespassTrespassonthecaseTrespassonthecaseTrespassTrespassonthecaseNegligenceNegligence19Negligence1718182Negligence200151HeustonandBuckley,supranote69,p.5.200626Trespassonthecase2004J.C.Smith,LiabilityinNegligence,1984.200151200463652004591920602001542004671619119138411914219200635JohnG.Fleming2006918://=2937921,,19976619972200422022220053222004319972200218418620051231220051301312005131200166FlemingTheLawofTortsed.4Sydney1971.p.7.243200644520064442006438462005133200112520043744199663863926206070199811132006134200022005126(LegalRealismMovement)SeeR.H.Coase(1960)TheProblemofSocialCostJournalofLawandEconomicsOct.2002619200022718045138213862006120011225200262425200261220026111928Negligencedutyofcarebreachofdutydamage200112819972200011729191919972201999120019200215301857188719th