Sonnet18及赏析

Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd;ButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.FirstQuatrain–“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday”Inthefirstquatrain,thespeakermusesaboutcomparingthepoemtoadayinsummer;thenhebeginstodojustthat.Incomparisontoasummer’sday,thepoemisdeemed“morelovelyandmoretemperate.”Thequalificationofmore“lovely,”atthis译文：我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。point,seemstobejustthespeaker’sopinion,buttoprovethepoemmoretemperate,heexplains,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay”:the“roughwinds”thatblowtheyoungbudsofflowersaboutiscertainlynotmildortemperate.Andalsosummerjustdoesnotlastverylong;ithas“alltooshortadate.”Thepoem,whencomparedtoasummer’sday,isbetter;itsbeautyandmildnessdonotendassummeralongwithits“summer’sday”does.Thereaderwonderwhythespeaker,justafterclaiminghisintentionofcomparingthepoemtoa“summer’sday,”thenfirstcomparesittoaspringday—“thedarlingbudsofMay.”Evenbeforesummerbegins,theMayflowersarebeingtossedaboutbyintemperatebreezes;therefore,itstandstoreasonthatifthepreludetosummerhasitsdifficulties,onecanexpectsummerhaveitsownuniqueproblemsthatthepoem,ofcourse,willlack.SecondQuatrain–“Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines”Inthesecondquatrain,thespeakercontinueselucidatinghiscomplaintsthatdiminishsummer’svalueinthiscomparison:sometimesthesunshinemakesthetemperaturetoohot:“Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines.”Thesunoftenhidesbehindclouds,“oftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d.”Thereadercanrealizetheimplicationshere:thattheseinconvenientqualitiesdonoplaguethepoem.Thenthespeakermakesageneralizationthateverythinginnatureincludingtheseasons—andhehaschosenthebestseason,afterall;hedidnotadvantagehisargumentbycomparingthepoemtoawinterday—andevenpeopledegenerateswithtime,eitherbyhappenstanceorbyprocessesthehumanminddoesnotcomprehendorsimplybytheunstoppablecourseofnature:Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,/Bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d.”Sofar,thespeakerhasmusedthatheshallcomparethepoemtoasummerday,andthesummerdayislosing:evenbeforesummerbegins,thewindsofMayareoftenbrutaltotheyoungflowers;summerneverlastslong;sometimesthesunistoohotandsometimesithidesbehindclouds,andbesideseverything—eventhegoodthings—innaturediminishesintime.ThirdQuatrain–“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade”Inthethirdquatrain,thespeakerdeclarestheadvantagesthatthepoemhasoverthesummerday:thatunlikethesummerday,thepoemshallremaineternally;itssummerwillnotendasthenaturalsummerdaymust.Norwillthepoemloseitsbeauty,andevendeathcannotclaimthepoem,becauseitwillexist“ineternallines”thatthepoetwillcontinuetowrite,“Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.”TheCouplet–“Thisgiveslifetothee”Thecouplet—“Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,/Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee”—claimsthataslongassomeoneisalivetoreadit,thepoemwillhavelife.