英语议论文的写作方法

英语议论文的写作方法1议论文的写作步骤1审题analyze2.构思brainstorming3.列提纲outline4写作write5.检查check2议论文的三要素:论点：是作者在文章中提出的对某一个问题或某一类事件的看法、观点、主张，它要求要正确、鲜明、有针对性。一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证．论据：是证明论点正确的证据，要想证明论点的正确，首先，论据必须让人觉得真实、可信，能够充分证明论点。其次，论据要具有典型性，能收到“以一当十”的效果。第三，论据要新颖，尽可能寻找一些新鲜的、能给人以新的感受和启示的论据，一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．（见后论证方式）论证：是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。3应对EFL议论文的结构↗四段式：利弊类(“一分为二”的观点．从两方面去分析一个问题,阐述自己的观点.)议论文↘五段式/三段：途径方法类(“怎样……（howto）”型．分析怎样解决一个问题如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”)我的观点类(“我认为……”型．阐述对某一事物的客观看法.如“你对课外阅读的看法)现象论说类(针对某一社会现象及社会热点讨论话题展开评论，阐述自己的观点)所有的EFL作文都可以总结成两种写作模式:4段式和5段式4段式:用“owningacar”为例Para.1Introduction(3-4句话/结尾点题)Eg.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety/world,it’sahotissue/topicofowningacar…inmypointofview,everythinglikesacoinhastwosides.Para.2Advantages(中心句:Therearealotofadvantagesofowningacar.)分三点叙述,分别给出supportingideas.中间需要用到漂亮的连接词.Para.3Disadvantages(中心句:Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,owningacaralsohaveseveraldisadvantages.)仍然分三点叙述,分别给出supportingideas.中间需要用漂亮的连接词.Para.4Conclusion(在结尾部分,你可以给出你自己的看法,eg.Asismentionedabove,Ipreferto…)5/3段式:用“LearningEnglish”为例Para.1Introduction(3-4)Eg.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,EnglishplaysanimportantroleofInternationalcommunication.Itwillhelpus…..Para.2Reason中心句+展开Eg.Englishisanofficiallanguage.Para.3Reason中心句+展开Eg.EnglishisagreattoolforustodoInternationalbusiness.Para.4Reason中心句+展开Eg.Englishisgoodforustolearnforeignculturesandmakefriends.Para.5Conclusion(结尾部分可以回答剩余的问题,总结全文,给出建议…)4怎么列提纲（提纲与文章的区别）以四段式为例：看电视的利与弊AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTVOUTLINE:Beginning:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTVAdvantages:Firstly,expandyourknowledgebywatchingTVSecondly,mayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowviaTVThirdly,goeverywherebytravelingprograms.Disadvantages:Firstly,becomeshort-sightedSecondly,giveuptheirstudiesConclusion:WhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanESSAY:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTV.SoTVplaysaveryimportantpartinourlife.ButwatchingTVhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,youcanexpandyourknowledgebywatchingTV.Asweallknow,learningthingsbyTVismuchfasterthanbylisteningtotheradioorjustbyreadingbooks.Forithascolorfulpicturesaswellaswonderfulmusic.Secondly,youmayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowthroughTVsuchasfamoussingers,superstars,scientistsandsoon.Onceyouheardanamewhomyoudidn’tknowbeforefromtheparty,youneverworriedaboutthatyouhavenochancetoknowhim.JustturnontheTV,maybeheisonthescreenofsomeprogramWhatsmore,youcangoeverywherebytravelingprograms.Let’ssuppose,ifyouliketravelingverymuch,butyouhavetoworkonweekendsorholidays,youmustbeverysad.AndnowopenyourTVandit’lltakeyoutoanywhere.Everycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesarealsoobvious.Forexample,watchingtoomuchTVcaneasilybecomeshort-sighted,especiallyforchildrenandstudents.Thiswillinfluencesomanyaspectsofthem,likehuntingjobs,applyingforsomeprofessionalmajorswhenstudentsfinishedtheircollegeentranceexaminations.Tomakemattersworse,someyoungstudentsarekeenonwatchingTVsothattheygiveuptheirstudiesgradually.Moreandmorechildrenandstudentsbecomethefansofthemoviestars,nomatterhowlateitis,theystillstaybeforetheTVsettowatchthesoapopera.Throughaboveanalysis,IthinkwatchingTVisawayofstudying,itisgoodforustowatchTV.ButwhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanotherwisewatchingTVwilldestroyourlife.5正文段包括主题句扩展句结尾句论证方式：归纳法：是指从特殊到一般，就是先罗列一系列论据，可以是事实论据，也可以是理论论据，也可以兼而有之，然后自然而然地概括出其中的道理或规律。演绎法：是从一般到特殊。是作者现提出自己的论点，然后援引一系列的事实或理论论据加以论证。例证法：用事例来证明论点类比法：用读者熟悉的事物来类比陌生的事物，以证明这一陌生事物具有某种特点，从而论证作者的观点。比较对照法：比较对照两个人、事物之间的相同及不同之处，从而证明作者的论点。6.关联词表层次:(一二三原则)First—second—thirdFirstly-secondly-thirdlyThefirst-thesecond-thethirdInthefirstplace—inthesecondplace—inthethirdplaceTobeginwith/then/furthermore/finallyTostartwith/next/inaddition/finallyFirstandforemost/besides/lastbutnotleastMostimportantofall/moreover/finallyFirstofall/furthermore/finallyOntheonehand/ontheotherhandForonething/foranotherthing(两者)表观点:Personally;Inmyopinion;AsfarasIamconcerned;AsfarasIknow;WhatIwanttostressisthat…(我想强调的是…);…holdtheopinionthat…某人持有…的主张;Accordingtosb,…依照某人的观点看,…;表转折:However,but表让步:Although,Though,Despitethefactthat表因果:Because,As,Since,Therefore,thus,so表递进:notonly…,butalso…,aswellas表概括:Inaword;Inshort;Tosumup;inconclusion;allinall;altogether;inbrief;basically;fundamentally;generally7检查十个方面：根据评分标准9：中心，内容4：结构6：时态，语态，拼写1：标点，字数，清洁，标题写作练习题：1四段式：谈谈校服（schooluniforms）.Referenceoutline:一Begnning:…thereisaheateddiscussionthatifthestudentsshouldwearschooluniforms.二Advantages（for）:1.Studentslookneatandtidy.2.Thepublicknowswhichschoolyouarefrom.3.Parentsallpaythesamemoney.4.Studentsdon’tworryaboutfashions.5.Teacherscanidentifystudentsonschooltrips.6.Gooddisciplineforstudents.三Disadvantages（against):1.Uniformsareexpensive.2.Childrengrowfast,neednewuniforms.3.Someuniformsareveryuncomfortable.4.Studentsalllookthesame,can’tbeindividuals.5.Getboredwithsameclotheseveryday.四Conclusion:Throughaboveanalysis,wecanseethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeones.Therefore,Iaminfavorof…..2五段式：(2)谈谈出国留学(whysomanystudentsstudyatabroad?)Referenceoutline:一B