2020版高考英语总复习语法专题课件专题13正反解读主谓一致和数词共45张PPT

基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit1Friendship专题13正反解读主谓一致和数词正面解读│反面解读│实战演练1.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.正面解读【答案】is【解析】本句是动名词短语作主语,因此谓语动词使用单数形式。高考链接正面解读2.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.【答案】were【解析】此句是并列句,宾语从句的主语是knives,因此be应用复数形式,再结合前半句“Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremind…”可知填be的过去式were。正面解读3.[2015·湖南卷变式]Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften(take)yearstoachieve.【答案】is;takes【解析】and连接的是两个并列谓语,其主语都是不可数名词success,故谓语都用单数形式。句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天的细小努力汇集而成的,常常需要多年的努力来达成。正面解读4.[2014·湖南卷变式]Allweneed_________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.【答案】is【解析】句意:我们所需要的只是一小块在一年的成长季节里能够种植各种各样的果树的土地。all作主语时,如指复数概念,动词用复数;如指单数概念,动词用单数。根据后面的asmallpieceofland可知这里表示单数概念。正面解读5.[2013·福建卷变式]Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.【答案】wasinvited【解析】aswellas,togetherwith,like等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。此句复合介词前的主语是musician,故谓语用单数。考点一主谓一致规则1意义一致原则①ThewriterandteacherSmithhasgonethroughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的起起落落。②Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。正面解读考点归纳[温馨提示]①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。②非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。③表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。规则2就近一致原则①EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.或者你或者我要负责这件事。②Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。正面解读[温馨提示]①由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。②therebe句型中,谓语动词的单复数通常和最邻近的主语的数保持一致。规则3语法一致原则①Themajorityofvisitorswereinfavourofhisconclusionthatthenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectwassimplysurprising.大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。正面解读②Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.=Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,quantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.随着越来越多的森林被破坏,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。③Manyalargeandbigbusinesshasbeenbuiltupfromsmallones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。④Everyboyandeverygirlisaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore7:30tomorrowmorning.所有男女生要求明天早上7:30之前在学校门口集合。正面解读[温馨提示]①主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。②aquantityof接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantitiesof后接复数名词或不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。③由“kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。④主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。正面解读⑤manya/morethanone+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。⑥“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。考点二数词数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。规则1表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million,billion等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数形式;在表示不确切数目时,它们用复数,且后面加of再加所修饰的名词。twohundredpeople;millionsofpeople。正面解读规则2序数词一般由“基数词+th”构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth;fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一,又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。规则3年代的表达是“the+年代-s”或“the+年代-'s”。规则4分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。正面解读误区之一名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用【误】Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.【正】Mydreamschoollookslikeabiggarden.[分析]look改为looks。主语mydreamschool是单数,故谓语也应该用单数。反面解读误区之二非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致的误用【误】WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.【正】WhatIlikedbestwasthefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.[分析]were改为was。名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。反面解读误区之三“就近”与“就远”原则主谓一致的误用(1)【误】Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,aregoingtoseethefilmthisafternoon.【正】Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,isgoingtoseethefilmthisafternoon.[分析]are改为is。当aswellas连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词的形式保持一致。反面解读(2)【误】NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIaregoodatdancingandsinging.【正】NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamgoodatdancingandsinging.[分析]are改为am。notonly…butalso…连接主语时,谓语遵守就近一致原则。反面解读误区之四倒装句的主谓一致的误用【误】AmongallmyfriendsareaspecialoneI'mmostthankfulto.【正】AmongallmyfriendsisaspecialoneI'mmostthankfulto.[分析]are改为is。此句是倒装句,主语aspecialone是单数,故谓语也用单数。反面解读实战演练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Largequantitiesofwater,aswellassomeothertimelyhelpincludingamedicalteam,(offer)sincetheseriousdroughthitYunnanProvince.【答案】havebeenoffered实战演练2.Strangelyenough,apairofnewtrousers(find)inapileofrubbishyesterday.【答案】wasfound实战演练3.NothingbutsomeancientChinesecoins(find)inthesunkenshipsincetheybegantheexploration.【答案】hasbeenfound实战演练4.Asurveyshowsthatfourhoursofexerciseeveryweek(be)goodforourhealth.【答案】is实战演练5.Themurderer,togetherwithhistwobrothers,(sentence)todeathjustnow.【答案】wassentenced实战演练6.Manyastudent(select)totakepartintheEnglishcompetition,andmorethanoneteacherhascoachedthemonspeakingandwriting.【答案】was/hasbeenselected实战演练7.Lotsofmoney(spend)onthebridge,whichwasexpectedtobecompletedthenextmonth.【答案】wasspent实战演练8.Thefollowing(be)somesimpletipsthathelpparentscreateareader-friendlyhomeforthemselvesandtheirchildren.【答案】are实战演练9.Itisyou,ratherthanhe,that(be)toblamefortheaccident.【答案】are实战演练10.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_________(stand)ourteachingbuilding,whichismadeofstonesandredbricks.【答案】stands实战演练11.Thedrugusedtotreatthisdiseasecausessideeffects,someofwhich(be)deadly.【答案】are实战演练12.Atlant