英国文学史及选读2-知识总结

以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPartVTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sLyricalBallads,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge柯尔律治Southey骚塞TheLakePoets1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）aleaderoftheromanticmovementinEngland.①LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)ItmarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland(1)ThisisajointworkofWordsworthandhisfriendColeridge.(2)ThepublicationofLyricalBalladsin1798marksthebeginningoftheRomanticMovementinEngland.(3)ItbeginswithColeridge’slongpoem“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner”(“古舟子咏”;“老水手之行”)andendswithWordsworth’s“TinternAbbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Manyofthesubjectsofthesepoemsdealwithelementsofnaturesuchasbirds,daffodilsandsimpleruralfolk.(5)ThemajorityofpoemsinthiscollectionwerewrittenbyWordsworth.ThepoemsinLyricalBalladsarecharacterizedbyasympathywiththepoor,simplepeasants,apassionateloveofnatureandthesimplicityandpurityofthelanguage.(6)Someofthebestpoemsinthecollectionare:“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”(“早春诗行”),“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner”(“古舟子咏”;“老水手之行”)“LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey”(“丁登寺”).②LucyPoems《露西组诗》③“IWonderedLonelyasaCloud”“独自漫游似浮云”=“TheDaffodils”“水仙”Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoetsphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.④“TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤ThePrelude《序曲》orGrowthofaPoet’sMind⑥TheExcursion《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’sPrinciplesofPoetry（feelings，commonplacethings，thereallanguageofmananddeliberatesimplicity，innerself,changedtheordinaryspeechofthelanguage→returntonature.）2.GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)HoursofIdleness《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealingwithchildishrecollectionsandearlyfriendship,showingtheinfluenceof18thcenturytraditions。2)TheEnglishBardsandScottReviewers《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》SheWalksInBeauty《她走在美的光影里》WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依别》SonnetonChillon《锡隆十四行诗》ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗德游记》--“Iawokeonemorningandfoundmyselffamous”Spenserianstanza斯宾塞诗体9-linestanza,ababbcbcc，longpoemwith4cantosDonJuan/dɔn'dʒu:ən/《唐璜》masterpiece杰作ItwaswritteninItalyduringtheyearsfrom1818to1823.Ithas16,000linesin16cantosItisanepicsatire,“asatireonabusesofthepresentstateofsociety.Itiswritteninottavarima/ə'tɑ:və'rimə（八行体）.八行体：每行10或11个音节，前6行交替押韵，后2行成一组同脚韵。Eachstanzacontains8iambicpentameterlines.每个节包含8个抑扬格五音步线Therhymeschemeisabababcc.Thelaterpartofthe18thcentury，aSpanishyouthofaristocraticbirth.ThislongpoemdescribesDonJuan’svicissitudes(变迁)oflifeandadventuresinmanycountries.ThepoemgivesasatiricaldescriptionofEnglishrulingclassesandsocialconditions.Theheroshowshisdisgustatthevanity（虚荣）andhypocrisy（虚伪）ofEnglishhighsociety.Byrondidnotfinishthepoem.HemeanttomaketheherotakepartintheFrenchRevolutionanddieaheroicdeath.CommentsonByron1)ByronisoneofthemostexcellentrepresentativesofEnglishRomanticismandoneofthemostinfluentialpoetsofthetime.2)Hisliterarycareerwascloselylinkedwiththestruggleandprogressivemovementsofhisage.3)Heopposedoppressionandslavery,andhasanardent(passionate)loveforliberty.4)Hepraisedthepeople’srevolutionarystrugglesinhisworks.5)HispoemsarefavoritesoftheBritishworkersandthelaboringpeopleofothercountries.6)Byron’spoemsshowenergyandvigor,romanticdaring(bold,brave)andpowerfulpassion.Somepoemsshowhisindividualheroismandpessimism.英雄主义和悲观主义“Byronicheroes”“拜伦式英雄”（在“OrientalTales“东方叙事诗”大量体现）AthemethatpervadesmuchofByron’sworkisthatoftheByronichero,anidealizedbutflawedcharacterwhoseattributesinclude:Beingarebel反叛者Havingadistasteforsocialinstitutions厌恶社会体系Beinganexile被流放Expressingalackofrespectforrankandprivilege蔑视权威Havinggreattalent极具天赋Hidinganunsavorypast隐藏着令人厌恶的过去Beinghighlypassionate高度的热情Ultimately,beingself-destructive自我毁灭“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrules残暴的规则ormoralprinciples.3.PercyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822ThefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage1)Zastrozzi,《柴斯特罗齐》，writtenwheninEton.2)TheNecessityofAtheism,《无神论的必要性》，writtenwheninOxfordUniversity3)QueenMab,《仙后麦布》，writtenwheninLondon.4)PrometheusUnbound,《解放了的普罗米修斯》，writtenwheninItaly.5)“TheOdestotheWestWind”,“西风颂”writtenwheninItaly.Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley'sOdetotheWestWindiswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Ar