高考英语二轮复习资料ppt第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO2再研考点第三层级注意行文逻辑争满分

第三层级注意“行文逻辑”——争满分语法填空和短文改错这两种题型主要是从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。相对于词法、句法来说，行文逻辑题是考生失分最多的题目。究其原因，这类题目的解题信息不局限于某句或某个句群，大多是需要从全文的角度去审视、去思考，对于这类较难题目，考生在做题时，一定要注意以下三点：一、注意时态是否一致有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。若全文都是在使用过去时态，则考查角度一般就是针对过去时态的。[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot­for­profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I__62__(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600­acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador...[易误点拨]分析句子成分可知句子缺少谓语动词，需要考虑其时态、语态及主谓一致。I与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。再根据主语I，可知应填wasallowed。本题容易受下文将来时态的影响而错填别的时态。[典例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothat(→where)Ilive.Thoughnotverybig,but(去掉but)therestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhad(→have)towaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest(→honesty).Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesor(→and)highqualityoilareusing(→used)forcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreams(∧of)becomingrichinthe(→a)shortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatour(→his)businesswillgrowsteady(→steadily)．[易误点拨]全文的时态为一般现在时，第四句中用了过去时had，应该引起重视，重点核查。因为没有具体的时间状语，故此处需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。二、注意行文逻辑是否一致[典例1]Thereoncewasaforestfilledwithhappyanimals.Onedayaraccoon(浣熊)foundsomesocksleftbehindbypicnickers,and1.decided(decide)towearthem.Theyfittedsowell,andfeltso2.comfortable(comfort)thathekeptthemon.Hespenthisdays3.walking(walk)throughtheforestinhisnewsocks.Otheranimalsbecameenviousoftheraccoon'snewlookandfollowedhistrend.Firstitwassquirrelsin4.shirts(shirt),thenrabbits5.withhatson,andfinallybirdswearingunderpants!解决这一类型的问题应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑。检查逻辑一致主要是从肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go,take与bring,sell与buy)的使用上着手。DoctorBear,theforestphysician,disapprovedandtriedtowarntheclothes­wearers.__6__noonelistened.Instead,theyurgedhimtofollowthelatesttrendtoo.Soon,theproblemsstarted.Asquirrelcaughthisshirtonabranchandcrashedtotheground.Arabbittriedenteringhisholewhile7.wearing(wear)hishatandgotstuck.Eventheraccoon,thankstohisbrightcolouredsocks,slippedintotheriverandalmostdied....[易误点拨]第6空我们需从整个段落及上下文的行文逻辑上考虑，分析上下文语境可知，前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词But。本题容易误认为前后为补充、并列关系而错填And。[典例2](2018·长春模拟)Lastweek,therewasaprogramcalling(→called)“LearningtoRespectOurParents”inourschool.That(→It)isknowntousthatrespectforone'sparentsisoneofChinesetraditionalmoralvalue(→values).And(→But)moststudentsnowadaysare“theonlychild”.We(→They)oftenthinkofthemselvesasthecentreoftheirfamily.Asfortheprogram,eight“dos”have(∧been)workedoutforthestudentstofollow.Foran(去掉an)example,weareadvisedtorememberourparents'birthdays.Beside(→Besides)this,itisnecessarythatweshouldalsotellourparentswhatwearegoingtodowhenwegoout.Theprogramhasbeensuch(→so)successfulthatithasbeenhigh(→highly)praisedbymanypeople.[易误点拨]第三句需从第一段整体上来把握，尤其根据第一段最后一句“We(→They)oftenthinkofthemselvesasthecentreoftheirfamily.”可知前后句之间为转折关系，故将And改为But。此处容易错认为上下文为补充、并列关系而看不出错误。三、注意指代是否一致注意查看代词所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确及前后是否一致，包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。[典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengines65.were_used(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66.fairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing__67__everyday.[易误点拨]本空没有提示词，需从介词、冠词、连词、代词等方面考虑，结合空格前后内容可知应该填代词，此时要结合整句话或整段话去检查代词的指代一致。本题填it，指代前半句的therailway。本题容易误认为指代首句中的Steamengines而误填them。[典例2](2018·昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)I'moneofthestudentsinourclasswhohas(→have)everbeentoEngland.LastsummerIwasluckyenoughtobesenttheretostudy.AssoonasIarrivedon(→in)Englandbyplane,IwaspickedupbytheSmiths,which(→whom)Iwouldlivewithforthenexttwoweeks.We(→I)feltlikeafishoutofwaterwhenIgotto(去掉to)there.TheSmithsdidwhattheycould(∧to)makemefeelathome.Istudy(→studied)ataninternationalschool,whereImetfriend(→friends)fromallovertheworld.Iseizedtheopportunitytopractisemyspeak(→spoken)English.SoonImadesucharapidprogressthatIreceivedhighly(→high)praisefromallthepeoplearound.[易误点拨]通过检查全文的人称可知，全文均为第一人称I,故第四句出现了第一人称复数形式We要重点核查。根据本句后的“whenIgotthere”可知，此处应将We改为I。如果不检查人称的指代关系是否一致的话，本错误很可能就看不出来。[课堂应用体验]Ⅰ.语法填空Switzerlandisfamous__1__itswatches.However,thiscountrydidn'tinventthewatch.ItwastheBritishwhodidit.Hereisastoryofhowthewatch__2__(bring)toSwitzerland.Manyyearsago,__3__EnglishmantravelledtoItalyandonhiswayhestoppedinasmalltown__4__(call)GenevainSwitzerland.ThisEnglishmantravelledinacarriageinsidewhichtherewasacarriagewatch.Thiswasthe__5__(early)kindofwatch.ABlacksmithhappenedtoseethewatch.Hewonderedwhatitwas__6__askedtheEnglishmanaboutit.“Itisacarriagewatch，”answeredtheman.“Thismachinecantellthetimebutnow__7__isn'tworking.”Atoncethemanofferedtotryrepairingit.Sothe__8__(travel)handedhimthewatch.Themanwasveryclever.Itwaseasyforhim__9__(repair)it.Heevenrememberedhowitwasmade.Andhemadeawatchof__10__(exact)thesametype.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了手表不是瑞士发明的但瑞士却以手表而闻名于世。1．for考查介词。befamousfor是固定搭配，意为“以……而著称”。故填for。2．wasbrought考查动词时态和语态。根据句意可知，这里有一个故事，讲的是手表是如何被带到瑞士的。故事讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且bring这一动作与主语“thewatch”之间构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动式。故填wasbrought。3．an考查冠词。根据上下文语境可知，此处“Englishman”是第一