词性转换规律

第1页共4页一．形容词变副词规律小结规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless----carelesslyquiet----quietlydifferent----differently以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible----possiblyprobable---probablyterrible----terriblycomfortable----comfortablygentle----gentlysimple----simply以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy----easilyangry----angrilynoisy----noisilyhappy----happilyheavy----heavilyhealthy----healthily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast----fastearly----earlyhigh----highhard----hardlate----latefar----farwide----widealone----alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good----well唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true----truly虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendlylivelylovelylonelylikely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样使用时需注意wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)wide(副词，睁大地)widely(副词，广泛地)late(形容词，晚的)late(副词，晚地)lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)high(副词，高地)highly(副词，高度地)特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系第2页共4页二．名词复数的变化规律1、规则变化1)一般情况直接在词尾加-s.如：chair—chairs；apple—apples；grape—grapes；2）以s、sh、ch、x等结尾的词加–es.如：bus—buses；watch—watches；box—boxes；brush—brushes3）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加es，baby—babies；city—cities；family—families4）以f或fe结尾的将f或fe直接换成ves.如：knife—knives；thief—thieves；shelf—shelves2、不规则变化1）没有规律的变化。如：child—children；foot—feet；tooth—teeth；mouse—mice；woman—women等。2）单复同形。如：deer—deer；sheep—sheep；fish—fish；yuan—yuan；tofu—tofu；pork—pork等。3）以o结尾的名词有的加es有的加s.如：potato—potatoes；tomato—tomatoes；Hero—heroes二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则1）直接在动词后+s.如：like—likes；play—plays；read—reads；get—gets；help—helps；ski—skis等。2）以s,x,sh,ch,接尾的动词：+es.如：wash—washes；wacth—watches；teach—teaches；brush—brushes等。3）以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es.如：go—goes；do—does等。4）以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es.如：fly—flies；study—studies；carry—carries；sky—skies等。末尾字母y前为元音字母的，直接在动词后面加-s.如：play—plays；say—says5）特殊变化。如：be—is；have—has等。这些没有规律，需要加强记忆。三、动词现在分词-ing形式的构成1）一般情况在动词原形后加-ing.如：go—going；stand—standing；climb—climbing等。2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing.如：write—writing；hope—hoping；care—caring3）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing.如：die—dying，tie—tying等。4）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复.如：run—running；stop—stopping；hop—hopping；plan—planning；star—starring；但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）。如：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing等。5）以-ee，-oe，-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e.如：see—seeing；hoe—hoeing；eye—eyeing6）-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing.如：panic—panicking；picnic—picnicking三．动词变名词小结1.在词尾加er,r,双写加er或or:A.play_player,sing_singer,wait_waiter,find_finder,thrill_thriller第3页共4页B.write_writer,drive_driver,come_comer,explore_explorer,dance_dancerC.run_runner,win_winner,rob_robber,travel_travelerD.visit_visitor,invent_inventor2.在词尾加ing:build_building,draw_drawing,end_ending,begin_beginning,swim_swimming，skate_skating,feel_feeling,say_saying,mean_meaning,cross_crossing，surf_surfing,paint_painting3.在词尾加ion或去e加ion:A.decide_decision,describe_description,produce_production,celebrate_celebration,pronounce_pronunciation,decorate_decorationgraduate_graduation,frustrate-frustration,pollute_pollutioncontribute_contribution,congratulate_congratulation,educate_education，organize_organization,donate_donation,appreciate_appreciation，operate_operation,invite_invitationB.discuss_discussion,invent_invention,attract_attractionimpress_impression,inject_injection,instruct_instruction4.其它：know_knowledge,please_pleasure,enjoy_enjoyment,practice_practice，die_death,succeed_success,weigh_weight,sit_seat,change_chance，enter_entrance,fly_flight,rob_robbery,discover_discovery，fail_failure,appear_appearance,breathe-breath四．动词变形容词小结1.词尾加ful:use-useful,care-careful,help-helpful,thank–thankful,peace-peaceful,forget-forgetful,play-playful,succeed-successful,wonder-wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please-pleased,unite-united,excite-excited,surprise-surprised,organize-organized,close-closed,wound-wounded,relax-relaxed,develop-developed,appreciate-appreciated,frustrate-frustrated,interest-interested,annoy-annoyed,use-used,frighten-frightened,crowd-crowded,thrill-thrilled,pollute-polluted3.词尾加ing:interest-interesting,surprise-surprising,excite–exciting,develop-developing,frighten-frightening,thrill–thrilling,frustrate-frustrating,relax_relaxing,live–living,rock-rocking,sleep–sleeping第4页共4页4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry-worried,marry-married,fry-fried,terrify–terrified,satisfy-satisfied5.词尾加able:know-knowledgeable,enjoy-enjoyable,suit–suitable,adjust-adjustable,comfort-comfortable6.其它：lose-lost,fool-foolish,live-lively/alive/living,sleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep,wake-awake,taste-tastyspeak-spoken,break-broken,die-dead,educate-educational,world-worldwide五、人称代词的变化形式主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己复数we我们us我们our我们的ours我们的ourselves我们自己第二人称单数you你you你your你的yours你的yourself你自己复数you你们you你们your你们的yours你们的yourselves你们自己第三人称单数he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves