小学英语语法--句子的种类

句子什么是一个句子？在英语中，句子1）表达一个完整的意思；2）至少有一个主谓结构；3）首字母大写，句尾用句号、问号、或感叹号。句子的分类：根据用途，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句：陈述一个事实，分为肯定句和否定句（必须有否定词：not,no,never,hardly,little,few,neither,none,nobody,nothing等）。e.g.BeijingisthecapitalcityofChina.Allkidslikegames.Tomisn’tagirl.IhaveneverbeentoNewYorkbefore.Nobodylikeshomework.疑问句：提出一个问题。（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）一般疑问句：由助动词、情态动词或动词be开头的问句，通常用“Yes”或“No”来回答。e.g.DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Canherideabicycle?Yes,hecan./No,hecan’t.AretheyfromJapan?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Haveyoubeentothemuseum?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.注意：Yes或No后面跟的简略回答中助动词必须和问句中的助动词保持一致。一般疑问句还包括否定疑问句。（注意答语的翻译）e.g.Don’tyouknowJack?Yes,Ido.(不，我认识。)/No,Idon’t.(是的，我不认识。)Can’therideabike?Yes,hecan.(不，他会。)/No,hecan’t.(是的，他不会。)Isn’theanengineer?Yes,heis.(不，他是。)/No,heisn’t.(是的，他不是。)特殊疑问句：由疑问词（what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how）引导的问句。what:什么e.g.Whatisyourphonenumber?Whatisyouraddress?Whatisyourage?Whatisyourjob?Whatisyournationality?WhatisthepopulationofChina?Whatdoyoulike?Whatsubjectsdoyoulike?which:哪个；哪些e.g.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Whichcountrydoyouwanttovisit?Whichboyisthetallestinyourclass?WhichcitiesareinShanxi?who:谁（who:谁宾格）e.g.Whoisondutytoday?Wholikesthatanimal?Whodoyouwanttogowith?whose:谁的e.g.Whoseisthisbook?=Whosebookisthis?when:什么时候e.g.Whenisyourbirthday?Whendoyouoftengotoschool?WhendoyouhaveEnglishclasses?Whendidhecomehere?Whenareyougoingtobuyit?where:哪里；什么地方e.g.Whereareyoufrom?Wheredidyougetit?How:怎样；如何e.g.Howareyou?Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?HowmanystudentsarethereinClass1?Howmuchmilkdoweneed?Howmuchisthisjacket?why:为什么e.g.Whydoyoulikesports?Whyareyoualwayslate?选择疑问句：由or引导两个或多个选项以供选择。e.g.Doyoulikeredorblue?Whichseasonisthehottest,spring,summerorautumn?反意疑问句：由两部分组成：陈述部分，简短问句？（如果陈述部分是肯定，简短问句用否定；如果陈述部分是否定，简短问句用肯定。）e.g.Thisisabook,isn’tit?Youdon’tcomefromBeijing,doyou?Thereissomemilkintheglass,isn’tthere?Thereisnobodyintheroom,isthere?注意：1）前否后肯，如何回答（注意答语的翻译）。e.g.Tomdoesn’tlikenoodles,doeshe?Yes,hedoes.(不，他喜欢。)/No,hedoesn’t.(是的，他不喜欢。)2）祈使句的反意疑问句。e.g.Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?Lethimgo,willyou?Openthedoor,willyou?Don’tshutthedoor,willyou?祈使句：表示建议、命令、请求等的句子。1）let开头e.g.Let’sdoitnow.(Let’s…包含听话者，译为“咱们…”)Letusgo.(Letus…不包含听话者，译为“让我们…”)Lethimhaveatry.2）动词原形开头e.g.Sitdown.Shutup.Takeiteasy.Bequiet.Becareful.Don’tbeafraid.Don’tworry.Don’tputitthere.感叹句：由what或how引导。What+名词+主语+谓语！What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！What+形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！e.g.Whatapity(itis)!真可惜！Whatacleverguyheis!=Howcleveraguyheis!=Howclevertheguyis!Whatbadweatheritis!Howfastheisrunning!