新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案第10讲必考词汇10

考点解读1.intend的搭配及过去分词的用法2.keep的含义及多种搭配3.lack的不同词性及搭配1.intendvt.打算，计划intenddoingsth./todosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事intendedtohavedonesth.=hadintendedtodosth.本来想做某事，实际上却没做成intendsth.forsb.打算给某人某物，准备让某人干某事Itisintendedthat…有计划/打算……【联想】beintendedforbemeantfor为……准备或设计bedesignedforintend…for…打算供……使用；打算使……成为havenointentionofdoing没打算做……【例句】1）Thechairwasintendedforyou,butshetookitaway.那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。2）Iheartheyintendtomarry/intendmarrying.听说他们要结婚了。3）Hehasnointentionofgettingmarriedatpresent.他目前没有结婚的打算。状元典例PremierWen’sthree-dayvisittoJapan,_____asthe“ice-melt”trip,hasapositiveeffectonSino-Japaneserelationship.A.beingintendedB.intendedC.havingintendedD.intending答案：B思路分析：beintendedas…作为……而被设计/制作；beintendedforsb.某物专为某人所做/制作/设计；intended是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichwasintended。2.involvevt.（使）陷入,忙于,卷入,牵涉involvesb.in（doing）sth.使某人参与/忙于/陷入/涉及/卷入……sb.get/become/beinvolvedin某人参与/忙于/专注于/涉及/卷入……；与……有关联involvedadj.复杂的，有关联的aninvolvedexplanation一个复杂的解释【例句】1）Don'tinvolvemeinsolvingyourproblems!你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去!2）Paintingtheroominvolvedmovingoutthepiano.粉刷房间就要把钢琴搬出去。3）Hewasinvolvedinaheatedargument.他参与了一场激烈的争论。状元典例Tothose______inmartialarts,theperiodfrom1972to1975isoftensaid____theBruceLeeera.A.involving;beingB.toinvolve;tobeC.involved;tobeD.involve;being答案：C思路分析：句意：对那些武术圈内的人来说，从1972年到1975年被称为李小龙时代。beinvolvedin牵扯到，涉及；involvedin在这里作后置定语。第二个空是issaidto…。3.issuev.&n.发行；重大的、时事的/政治的问题issueanewspaper发行一种报纸（vt.）anissueofanewspaper一种报纸的发行（n.）issuefrom从……里出来bloodissuingfromawound从伤口流出的血raiseanewissue提出一个新议题【例句】1）Theministerissuedastatementtothepress.部长向新闻界发表声明。2）Theleadershipofthemovementareinagreementonthisissue.这一运动的领导层对这个问题的看法一致。状元典例Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued答案：A思路分析：句意：一位部队发言人强调在开枪射击之前所有的士兵都曾被命令过要发出明确的警告信号。ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事。4.joinv.连接；加入joinAto/ontoB把A连接到B上joinAandB（together/up）把A和B连接起来【例句】1）Theislandisjoinedtothemainlandbyabridge.岛上有座桥与大陆相连。2）TheroadjoinsthemotorwayatNewtown.这条路在纽敦与高速公路相连。【辨析】join加入团体、组织等成为其中一员join（sb.）in（与某人一起）参加竞赛、游戏、讨论等活动takepartin参加活动并在其中发挥一定作用attend出席/参加会议、仪式、典礼；上课、上学、听报告等【例句】1）Askhimtojoinusforlunch.请他和我们一起吃午饭。2）Weallhadtotakepartinthetrainingrun.我们大家都得参加跑步训练。3）Ishallbeattendingthemeeting.我会参加会议。状元典例用join,joinin,takepartin,attend的适当形式填空1）Willyou______thelectureonscience?2）Wouldyouliketo______us______playingfootball?3）He________theCommunistPartyattheageof25.4）She__________________themusiccompetition.答案：1）attend2）join;in3）joined4）tookpartin5.judgen.&vt.裁判，法官；判断vt.判决；裁判；评定，判断（作状语时用judging）n.法官；裁判员；鉴定人judgementn.裁决，判定makeajudgementof/about…对……作出判定【例句】1）Ijudgehimtobeabout40.我断定他有40来岁。2）Wejudgethatsheisthebestcandidate.我们认为她是最佳人选。状元典例_____frommediareports,theresulthasbeenunclear.A.TojudgeB.HavingjudgedC.JudgingD.Judge答案：C思路分析：句意：从媒体报道来看，此项结果一直很模糊。Judgingfrom（从……判断）为悬垂分词，无论与主句主语是主动关系，还是被动关系，都只能用judgingfrom形式。6.junioradj.低级的，年幼的；地位较低的；资历较浅的（无比较级）n.级别低的人；年龄幼的人bejuniortosb.比某人年纪小juniormembersofthestaff年资较低的职工小（指较年幼者）JohnSmithJunior小约翰·史密斯ajuniorcollege初级大学（指一二年制大学）Youaremyjunior.你比我年纪小。【例句】1）Heisthreeyearsherjunior.=Heisherjuniorbythreeyears.=Heisthreeyears______________her.他比她小三岁。2）Thepresidentwassoyoungthathewasjuniortosomeofhisemployees.总裁的年龄甚至比他的一些雇员还小。状元典例他比我小两岁。Heistwoyears___________me.=Heismyjunior_________________.答案：juniorto；bytwoyears7.keep的相关短语keepback阻止，阻挡，隐瞒，扣留；留下，保留keepdown控制，压制keepinwith和……保持友谊keepoff避开；不接近keepout关在门外；不准入内keepoutof躲开；置身于……之外keeptothepoint不要离题keepup保持；维持keepupwith跟上keepaneyeon照看，注意keepitup保持优秀成绩【例句】1）Shewasunabletokeepbackhertears.她无法忍住泪水。2）I'msureshe'skeepingsomethingback（fromus）.我肯定她（对我们）隐瞒了什么。3）Keepyourvoicesdown;yourmother'stryingtogetsomesleep.小点声，你妈妈要睡觉了。4）Keepoffthegrass!请勿践踏草地！5）Keepthatdogoutofmystudy!别让那条狗进我的书房!6）Let'shopethesunnyweatherkeepsupforSaturday'stennismatch.但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气。状元典例Thefactory_______itsgoodcredit,soitsproducts_______verywell.A.keepsup;aresoldB.keepsin;aresoldC.keepsup;sellD.keepson;sell答案：C[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]思路分析：句意：这家工厂保持着良好的信誉,因此它的产品销量很好。keepup“保持、维持”符合题意要求。keepin控制、抑制，keepon继续。sell表示主语性质、特点时是不及物动词，无被动形式。8.keepv.保存；保持，连续不断；留住：keeplaughing不停地笑保守（秘密）：keepitsecret保密vt.履行，遵守：keepthepromise遵守诺言饲养，赡养：keeppigs养猪阻止，妨碍：keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事vi.保存：Willthisfoodkeepinhotweather?这种食品在热天能经久不坏吗?【例句】1）Pleasekeepquiet.请安静。2）HowcanItrustyouifyoukeeplyingtome?你要是一直欺骗我，我怎么能相信你呢?3）Shecouldhardlykeep（herself）fromlaughing.她忍不住大笑起来。状元典例—Yourjob_____openforyourreturn.—Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept答案：A思路分析：句意：——你的工作将被保留到你回来。——谢谢。keep+宾语+adj.／adv／prep.／doing使……保持（某种状态）。又如：Thiscoatwillkeepyouwarm.Theillnesskeptherinhospital.I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.由此可首先排除B和C，此两项未使用被动语态。过去完成时的动作发生在过去的过去，当上下文中没有过去时间提示时，是不能单独使用的，故排除D项。9.knockvt.&n.敲，击，打，碰撞相关短语：knockoff把……敲落，撞离knockabout闲逛，游荡knockdown把……击倒；碰倒；拆除knockintosb.撞在了某人的身上knockover撞翻；抢劫（=rob）knockat/onthedoor敲门【例句】1）Themanknockedhimoffthebicycle.那个人把他从自行车上撞了下来。2）Shewasknockeddownbyabus.她被公共汽车撞倒了。3）You'veknockedovermydrink!你把我的饮料打翻了!状元典例Ablockofflatsarebeing________tomakeroomforasupermarket.A.knocked