专升本英语笔记4

定语从句句⼀一、含义带“的”的⼀一句句话定语（形容词、修饰名词、的）单个词名词之前，多个词名词之后⼆二、特点⑴名词之后⑵从句句缺成分⑶名词=先⾏行行词=连词🌟eg、Thenews__that__theywonthegameisamazingeg、Thenews__that__theyspreadiswonderful三、做题⽅方法①划从句句②判断从句句类型③判断从句句缺不不缺成分④看先⾏行行词的含义（⼈人/物）四、考点连词：⑴在从句句中做不不做成分⑵先⾏行行词的含义指⼈人/物㈠that（万能词）从句句：主/宾先⾏行行词：⼈人/物㈡whose的主语与先⾏行行词有所属/'s关系which：介词+which、⾮非限定性定语从句句eg、theman__whose__housewasdestroyedinthestormisverysad㈢eg、Istillrememberedtheclassroom__where/inwhich__wemeeteachotherwemetintheclassroom从句句（成分）先⾏行行词（含义）who主语⼈人whom宾语⼈人which主/宾物whose定语⼈人/物从句句（成分）先⾏行行词（含义）where状语地点when时间why原因（reason）Istillmemorizedtheday__when/onwhich__youfellinlovewithhimIevencan'tforgetthereason__why/forwhich__youfellinlovewithhimyoufellinlovewithhimfor（出于）thereason🌟when、why、where⑴缺介词（缺状语）⑵三何⼆二介+which（🌟从句句与先⾏行行词的搭配）⑶where=inwhich常常放于抽象地点名词之后（business⾏行行业领域、situation=occasion情形处境、race⽐比赛、point要点、case案例例、activity活动）补：that和which的⽤用法只⽤用that不不⽤用which🌟⑴当先⾏行行词由序数词或最⾼高级来修饰时⑵当先⾏行行词由theonly/thevery/thelast来修饰时⑶当先⾏行行词是不不定代词（anything、everything、all）时⑷当先⾏行行词既有⼈人⼜又有物时eg、thisisthemostinterestingmovie__that__ihaveseeneg、thistheonlybook__that__ihavereadeg、all__that__ineedisyourpermissioneg、therearesomanypeopleandplaces__that__icannotforget只⽤用which不不⽤用that⑴介词+which（🌟介词与先⾏行行词搭配）⑵⾮非限定性定从①属于定从②连词（除that）③有逗号🌟考点：①which（放句句中）eg、…，____…②as（句句⾸首/句句中）__isknownto…as固定搭配：thesameas、suchas③名词，名词/代词/形容词/数词+of+which（名词=》物）、whom（名词=》⼈人eg、theticketisgood,thepriceof__which__isverycheaptherearesomanystudentsthenumberof__whom__is25总结：⑴that（万能词）⑵whose（所属关系）⑶介词+which=when、why、where先⾏行行词____+句句⼦子+系/谓+表/宾eg、他迟到的原因是暴暴⻛风⾬雨thereasonwhyhewaslate⑷序数词、最⾼高级、the、all、⼈人、物（that）⑸逗号+which/as/ofeg、therearesomanyteachersavailable____thestudentscandiscusstheirprojectAtowhichBwithwhomCtowhomDwithwhich状语从句句⼀一、做题⽅方法⼆二、类型㈠时间状从⑴当…时while+主语+be+doing🌟when：主语1+（was/weredoing）、（was/wereabouttodo）+when+主语2+didas=withwith/as随着+时间流逝：goby⑵在…之前主语1+haddone+before+主语2+did⑶在…之后after（介词）+名词⑷⾃自从…以来主语1+have/has（翻译）+done+since+主语2+did⑸⼀一…就Hardly/scarcely+had+主语1+done+when+主语2+didnosooner+had+主语1+done+than+主语2+didassoonas（主将从现）on/themoment（完形）eg、Onhearingsuchnews,wecan'thelplaughing⑹直到…才until=till（现完）notuntil+（名词）、（主语+did）🌟did+主语+do⑺每次everytime（do/does）⑻⼀一旦once（主将从现）㈡条件状从⑴如果if=onconditionthat🌟if虚拟（过去）if真实（主将从现）if名从（是否）⑵除⾮非unless=ifnot（如果不不）（主将从现）⑶🌟只要aslongas=solongas（主将从现）eg、只要我们不不断努⼒力力就有可能实现梦想aslongaswekeeplearninghard,itispossible/likelytoachieveourdreams㈢原因状从⑴由于/因为because=inthat+句句⼦子⑵既然since=nowthat+句句⼦子⑶as/由于as：句句中/句句⾸首⑷由于for（句句中）thereason⑸由于becauseof+名词=dueto+名词=owingto+名词eg、because/InthatIamrude,eg、becauseof=dueto+myrudeness⑹考虑到/鉴于…🌟considering=seeingthat+句句⼦子（主+谓）㈣让步状从while句句⾸首尽管，句句中然⽽而⑴尽管although=though+句句⼦子⑵as尽管⼀一个词+as+主+谓⑶即使🌟evenif=eventhough⑷尽管despite+名词=inspiteof+名词⑸⽆无论怎样ever=nomatterhowever=nomatterhowhowever+形容词/副词+主+谓eg、__however__hardtheytry⑹⽆无论什什么whatever+名词+主+谓eg、⽆无论你做什什么⼯工作，你都应该不不断学习whateverjobyoudo,youshouldkeeplearning⑺⽆无论…whether…or…㈤地点状从where哪wherever⽆无论在哪wherethere哪⾥里里有㈥结果状从⑴如此…以⾄至于so+形容词/副词+that⑵如此…以⾄至于such+（冠词/形容词）名词+thateg、Heissohard-workingthateveryoneadmires（v敬佩）himHeissuchahard-workingmanthateveryoneadmires（v敬佩）him㈦⽬目的状从⑴为了了inorderthat=sothat+句句⼦子⑵以防incase（主将从现）forfearthat+句句⼦子+lest+句句⼦子㈧⽅方式状从asif=asthough好像inthisway以这种⽅方式㈨⽐比较状从㈠原级①化和云⼀一样富化isasrichas云②化没有云富化isnotasrichas云㈡⽐比较级①化⽐比云富化isricherthan云②化变得越来越富becomesricherandricher③这件事变得越来越重要thethingbecomesmoreandmoreimportant④你站得越⾼高，你就看得越远the+⽐比较级+主语+do/does，the+⽐比较级+主语+willdothehighteryoustand，thefartheryouwillsee㈢最⾼高级⑴⻢马化是中国最富有的男⼈人化istherichestmanin/ofChina⑵⻢马云是中国第⼆二个最富有的男⼈人云isthesecondrichestmanin/ofChina⑶⻢马明哲是三⼈人中最富有的⼈人之⼀一哲isoneoftherichestmenin/ofthreepeople㈣倍数的表达法⑴⻢马化是⻢马云的两倍富化istwiceasrichas云⑵⻢马化⽐比⻢马云富⼀一倍huaisoncericherthan云⑶⻢马化的size是⻢马云的三倍化isthreetimesthesizeof云thesizeoflength⻓长width宽height⾼高depth深动词+倍数（much、pay/earn/cost）