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电子束光刻系统与工艺时文华2009/052z电子束光刻系统基本介绍z日本电子--JBX5500ZA系统z电子束光刻工艺要点与实例3电子束曝光加工纳米图形ResistpreparationEBexposureResistdevelopmentPatterningPatternTransferMetal-lift-offDryEtch4•Roundspotbeam•Rasterscan•Continuousstagemove•ShapedbeamForMaskMaking•Roundspotbeam•Vectorscan•Dual-deflection(usually)•StageStep-and-repeatmoveForHighResolutionPatterning电子束曝光系统分类5DistributionDistributionShapeShapeWritingWritingVectorVectorscanscanStageStagestepstep&&repeatrepeatDefectorDefector85%15%VectorscanWritingmethod6VectorscanWritingmethodDefectorDefectorChipChipFieldFieldSUBFieldSUBField7电子枪高压系统电子光学柱校正、聚焦、偏转、扫描……控制系统工作台激光干涉/移动控制/装片系统真空系统离子泵/分子泵/机械泵水冷控温系统电源系统不间断电源操作台主计算机数据处理计算机打印机变压器8stitching/overlayMinimunlineandLowStitch/OverlayErrorHighThroughputLowthroughputwill•reduceaccuracyforlargepatterns•makesomedevicefabricationimpractical•HighcostBeamcurrentStageandD/AA/Dsystem……..ElectricgunsystemEOSsystemStagesystem主要指标9Requires•Sharperbeamprofile•Zerobeamscattering•fromaperture•frombeamblanker•Smallbeamsize(3nm)•Lowbeamnoise(5nm)BeamscatteringNanopatterningrequiredbeamprofileLowqualitybeamprofileExposedresist&substratecrosssectionCurrentdensityPositionPositionCurrentdensityHighbeamenergySystemdesignationNanometerBeamProfile主要指标10JBX-7000MVJBX-7000MVIIJBX-2A/2BJBX-4A/4BJBX-5AJBX-5A6JBX-5RJBX-5DJBX-5DIIJBX-5FEJBX-6000FSJBX-6AIIJBX-6AEB-57JBX-6AIIIEB60JBX-8600DVJBX-9000MVJBX-5000LSVARIABLESHAPEDBEAMSPOTBEAMHistoryofJEOLE-BeamLithographySystemDevelopmentJBX-9000MVIIJBX-5500FSJBX-6000FS/EJBX-9300FSJBX-3030MV2003196619861990JBX-6300FS/EJBX-5000LS/ENEWJBX-3040MVLab6TFEG11¾Automaticandcycliccorrections(Shottime,Position,Deflection)throughthewriting.Longtermexposurestability.¾GraphicalandstreamlinedUserInterfacefrompatterndesigntowritingEasyoperationJBX-5500ZA特点StartInitialcalibrationExpendCycliccalibrationExpstart*Field/chip12JBX-5500FS技术指标zAcceleratingvoltage:25/50kVzMinimumlinewidth:10nm(50kV・5th)zOverlayAccuracy:≤40nm(3σ)(50kV・100umx100um)zFieldstitchingAccuracy:≤40nm(3σ)(50kV・100umx100um)zExposurerange:75x75mmzScanspeed:12MHzto250HzzOS:Windows13束偏转(BeamDeflection)zExposurefieldsize/Positioningunit4thlensmode50kVMaximum1000umx1000um/5nm25kVMaximum2000umx2000um/10nm5thlensmode50kVMaximum100x100um/0.5nm25kVMaximum200x200um/1nm14工作台(Stage)zMethodStepandrepeatzPositioningcontrolLaserinterferometerzControlunitλ/1024(0.62nm)zExposurerange75mmx75mmzMovementrange104x75mm(includingmarkareaforautocalibrations)zMovespeed10mm/s15数据格式zFiguredrawingDataformatJEOL01,GDSⅡConverteddataJEOL52(V3.0)zTypesoffiguresinV30polygon/line16ControlCPUSystemzPC(Operation)WindowsXPzEWS(Machinecontrol)Sunworkstation(Solaris10)zMonitor17colorTFTLCD17ConfigurationofJBX-5500ZAEOScontrolVacuumsystemDatatransfersystemStagecontrolsystemVacuumPumpVacuumPumpStageStageSHSSHSStageStagemotormotorEWScontrolCWCHVDEFAMPDEFAMPBLKAMPBLKAMPTFEGPC18LaserBeamControlsystemAA’ServoMotorServoMotorMillerInterferometerBeampositionDeflectorStageStageExposureSubstrateExposureSubstrateStagecontrollerSignalprocessFeedbackstagepositionerrortobeamposition.EXPsignalElectronbeamLaserbeamLaserreceiverA=StoppositionA’=Targetpositionλ/1024=0.62nm≒1um/step19SoftwarezPreparationsoftwarefordrawingfiguresDrawingGUIzControlforexposureflowchartDesignGUICalibrationGUIExposureGUI20AnExampleofWindowonPCAnExampleofWindowonPCFollowthestepsFollowthestepsondisplayondisplayFiguredrawingSystemcalibrationExposureEndofoperationMainGUIMainGUI21PatternDesignShotranksDrawingareaToolbarforcommandsMappingareaFiguresConv.JEOL5222CalibrationConditionselectionCalibrationProcedure23ExposureArrangementofpatternsPatternSelection24GraphicUserInterfaceWindowsOSMAINGUIPatterndrawingSystemCalibration25ExternalViewMainconsoleControlsystemrack26SampleLoaderzMethod:ManualzCassette:SelectedfromoptionszWafercassette(option):2“,3”,4“,Pieces(15*15mm,20*20mm).zWaferloading/unloading:ManualOrientationidentifiedwithnotchtopreventloadingerrors27电子束光刻工艺z抗蚀剂工艺{抗蚀剂种类/厚度{前烘{曝光剂量{显影z电子束系统调整{束流{对中{聚焦{校正z衬底材料特性图形实际线宽图形实际线宽设计线宽设计线宽//密度密度每次具体工作之前,必须进行必要的工艺条件测试(一般:调整曝光剂量,固定其他条件)28zPMMA{优点:分辨率高(10nm),对比度大,利于剥离技术,价格低{缺点:灵敏度较低(300-1000C/cm2),耐刻蚀能力差zPMMA-MMA{灵敏度大为提高,分辨率降低(200nm),与PMMA胶结合,易实现多层T型剥离结构zZEP-520{优点:分辨率高(~20nm),灵敏度较高(50-200C/cm2),耐刻蚀{缺点:去胶较难zHSQ{负胶,极高的分辨率(10nm),邻近效应小,灵敏度很低(~2500C/cm2)29工艺中的几个要点z样品必须为导体或者半导体z临近效应{电子在抗蚀剂与衬底中的前向散射与背散射引起{对图形的设计与曝光剂量选择有重要影响z套刻{标记的形状与材料{标记的分布30临近效应500nm200nm100nm电子束在抗蚀剂中发生前散射造成电子曝光轨迹向邻近区域扩展:抗蚀剂越厚,前散射扩展范围越大。实践证明由前散射造成的邻近效应可波及100~200nm,而且强度大,是影响百纳米级图形分辨率和成像质量的主要因素。315keV10keV15keV25keV50keV500nm100keV500nm加速电压越大,穿透性越强,前向散射的影响越小32不同材料衬底-抗蚀剂中电子散射轨迹SiZ=14GaAsZ=32AuZ=79电子束在不同衬底中发生前散射和背散射造成电子曝光轨迹向邻近区域扩展:原子序数较小的衬底,背散射扩展范围较大,最远可波及5~10μm,但相对强度较弱;随着衬底原子序数的增大,背散射扩展范围缩小,但背射程强度明显增大。实践证明由背散射造成的邻近效应可波及几个微米的范围,是造成相邻区域曝光互相扩展、密集图形粘连及大面积图形严重失真的主要因素。3334套刻技术M1M2M3W1W2PQSROM4FieldMainDefrectorGlobleMark(大标记)与ChipMark(小标记)配合35DesignpositionActualpositionX-gainY-gainX-rotation,Y-rotationX-shift,Y-shift36标记要求zGlobleMark(大标记)与ChipMark(小标记)配合z硅槽标记(深度2~5μm)z金属标记(金、钛等,250nm高度以上)z标记必须表面平整z标记通过专门的标记版引入z在某步工艺中同时引入37383940QSROP41工艺实例z40/40nm光栅,面积1*1mmzS
本文标题:电子束光刻系统与工艺
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