虚拟语气讲解PPT课件

虚拟语气讲解subjunctivemood虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气（subjunctivemood）表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和建议等。虚拟语气的形式If条件句的种类条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句子中的条件从句与结果主句皆用直接语气，如：1）ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwillgotoJapan2）ifyouhavefinishedwiththatbook,takeitbacktothelibrary.If条件句的虚拟语气非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。Ifyouhadnotremindedme,Imighthaveforgotten.Ifhewerewise,heshouldhavecometoseeme.虚拟语气构成类表从句主句与过去事实相反Had+过去分词Shouldhave+done与现在事实相反动词过去式Be用wereShould+do与将来事实相反动词过去式Wereto+doshould+动词原型Should+doExamples假如我是你的话，我就不会要那些钱。IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访了Weshouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假如他来看我，就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.条件从句和结果主句所表时间不一致的虚拟语气从句的动作与主句的动作发生时间不一致的情况，这时动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做相应的调整。这称为错综虚拟条件句。ExamplesIfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.从句是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟Ifwehadnotbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldnotbegoingsmoothly.从句是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟ExercisesYou(be)betternowifyou(take)myadvice.Ifmyfather(sent)me,I(be)notherenow.Ifhe(come),whatwe(say)tohim.虚拟语气中的倒装句非真实条件从句的连词if在书面语中可以省略，并将谓语中的were,had,should移置主语之前。Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.HadItime,Iwouldcome.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?Itwouldbeeasiertodoitinthisway.WithoutyourhelpIcouldnothavefinishedthetaskontime.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlierIamreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.Amanoflesscouragewouldnothavedaredtogo.IfonlyIhadmoretimetothinkaboutitconclusion介词或介词短语with,without,butfor(要不是),intheabsenceof,under,ifonly(要是…就好了),表示条件，句中用虚拟语气.从句中的虚拟语气—主语从句在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为should+do,should可省Itisnecessary/imperative/important/essential/advisable/better/ordered/proposed/desired/requested/suggested/recommended/demanded/decided/arranged/natural/impossible/sorry/strange/apity/ashame/nowonder…that…ExampleItwasarrangedthattheyleavethefollowingweek.Itisapitythatsheshouldfare(过活)sobadly.Itishisdesirethatamedicalmanshouldstayhere.Exercises我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.应当进行批评与自我批评。Itisimperativethatweshouldpractisecriticismandself-criticism.Exercises没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。Itisnotnecessarythateveryonebeascientist.他这样想是很自然的事情Itisnaturalthatheshouldthinkso.宾语从句的虚拟在表示命令，建议，要求的动词，如advise,commend,demand,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,suggest，等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原型，should可省略。Heinsistedthatyoushouldbeontime.特例Insist表坚持，强调suggest表表明，暗示时，不用虚拟。Heinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Theexpressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewastired.Wish后面的宾语从句1，用过去式表现在不能实现的愿望IwishIwereasstrongasyou.2，用过去完成时表过去不能实现的愿望.Wewishwehadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.3，用过去将来时表将来不能实现的愿望Iwishhewouldtryagain.表达愿望在wouldrather,wouldsooner,后面的句子中，用动词过去式表示尚未发生的动作，用过去完成时动词表示对已发生的动作的某种愿望．IwouldratheryouhadleftforHangZhoulastweek.。Iwouldrather/sooneryoucametomorrow.同位语从句和表语从句的虚拟在下列名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：suggestion,proposal,order,instruction,advice,motion（提议）等.1.Hegavetheorderthattheresultsoftheexperiment(should)berechecked.2.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendatradedelegationtoMalaysia.其他Asif(though)连接的从句，谓语动词虚拟形势与wish用法相同Itis(high,about)timethat的句型中用虚拟语气表应该做而没有作的事情，从句谓语一律用过去式Itistimethatwewenttobed.Itistimeweleft在以lest,forfearthat,incase引出的从句中用虚拟语气．lest,forfearthat都表示“惟恐，免得”．从句中使用“should+动词原形”构成谓语．Hetookhisumbrellawithhimlestitshouldrain.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeofmypromise.Exercise1,Withoutelectricityhumanlife__quitedifferenttoday.AisBwillbeCwouldhavebeenDwouldbe2，Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______AbreaksBhasbrokenCwerebrokenDhadbeenbroken3“Itisgettingverylate.”“Yes,itistimewe___backhome”AhavegoneBshouldgoneCwentDshallgo4，IcangomyselfbutIwouldsooneryou______AgoBhavegoneCwillgoDwent5,Thenewairport(complete)iftheyhadnotstoppedworkingonit.6,Peter’spalefacesuggestedthathe(be)ill,andhisparentssuggestedthathe(have)amedicalexamination.7,Itisgenerallythoughttobeofimportancetoamanthathe(know)himself.8,withoutair,there(be)nowindorrain.9,Hehasbeenstudyingsohard.Itisnaturalthathe(pass)tomorrow’sexam.10,He(pass)thetest,buthewasnotcarefulenough.11,Ifonlywe(do)asweweretold.Thiswouldneverhavehappened.12,Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English(be)mucheasier.