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1形容词和副词【学习目标】掌握形容词的用法,并对形容词和副词比较级最高级用法的回顾。【知识要点】(一)形容词的用法形容词:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。1.用作定语,修饰名词或代词。(1)一般置于它所修饰的名词之前;例如:heisatallboy(2)形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时,需后置。例如:Willyoupleasetellussomethinginteresting?你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗?There’snothingspecialinthebox.盒子里没有什么特别的东西。(3)enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后。例如:Don’tworry,wehaveenoughtime/timeenoughtogetthere.别着急,我们有足够的时间赶到那2.用作表语,位于系动词之后。常用的有:be,become,get,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,turn,seem,keep,grow例:Theparkisverybeautiful.这座公园很美。Thesoupsmellsdelicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。Thatsoundsgood.那听上去不错.3.It’s+adj.+(of/for)sbtodosth.译作“(某人)做某事是…的”。It是形式主语,不定式结构是真正主语。of/for后面的sb是不定式的逻辑主语。(1).当形容词是可修饰人的形容词,即sb和adj.有主系表关系时,sb前用of。如It’scleverofyoutoanswerthequestionsoquickly./It’skindofyoutohelpmealot.这样的形容词有:kind,nice,rude,clever,silly,foolish等。(2)当形容词是不可以修饰人的形容词,即sb和adj.没有主系表关系时,sb前用for。如It’seasyforhertocleanthewindowbyherself./It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.这样的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,dangerous等。(二)形容词、副词比较级和最高级构成:1.单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化:2规则原级比较级最高级1.在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是e,只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变i再加-er/esthappyhappierhappiest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er/estthinthinnerthinnest2.其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/mostbeautiful—morebeautiful—(the)mostbeautiful3.由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.quickly—morequickly—(the)mostquicklydifficultly—moredifficultly—(the)mostdifficultly4.不规则变化:good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder(指新旧)oldestelder(指年龄)eldestfarfarther(指距离)farthestfurther(指程度)furthest(三)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法:1.原级的用法:1)甲=乙:甲+be+as+原级+as+乙,用于两者之间对比,意思为“……和……相同”TomisashonestasJack.Tom和Jack一样诚实。Herskinisaswhiteassnow.Mydogisasoldasthatone.2)甲不如乙:甲+benot+as/so+原级+as+乙Heisnotas(=so)tallasI.他没我高。Theweatherhereisnotas(=so)coolastheweatherinHarbin.3)甲是乙的几倍:甲+be+数词+times+as+原级+as+乙Thisroomisfourtimesaslargeasthatone.这间房比那间房大四倍。32.比较级的用法:1)甲>乙或甲<乙:甲+be+比较级+than+乙SusanishappierthanJane.Hisbrotherisyoungerthanme.Beijingismorebeautifulthanhere.形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle,far,alot,abit,muchmore来修饰。very,so,too,quite不能修饰比较级。2)数字+形容词、副词比较级+thanI’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.4)the+比较级,the+比较级结构,表示“越……就越……”ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.5)which/who+is+比较级Whichcityisbigger,BeijingorTianjin?Whoishappier,youorme?3.最高级用法:用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1)oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.2)最高级意义的表达方法:例句最高级Sheisthebestinherclass.比较级Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.原级Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.特殊:1)形容词最高级前一般都用定冠词,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词时,则不用定冠词。e.g.:Todayismyhappiestday.今天是我最高兴的一天。Givemybestregardstoyourfamily.请代我向你们全家问好。2)most有时与形容词连用,前面用不定冠词或不用冠词,意为“非常,很,极其”,用来加强语气。这时它不表示最高级的概念。4e.g.:Heisamostfriendlyfellow.他是个极其友好的人。【经典例题】:1)----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes,I'mfinenow.A.wellB.betterC.goodD.quitebetter答案:B.quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.2)Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。【经典练习】1.写出下列形容词的变化形式(1)tall(比较级)________(2)large(比较级)________(3)busy(最高级)________(4)thin(最高级)________(5)delicious(比较级)________(6)much(比较级)________(7)good(最高级)________(8)far(最高级)________2.句型转换(1)ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina.(变同义句)Shanghaiis________than________________cityinChina.(2)Thisdressismorebeautifulthanthatblouse.(变同义句)Thatblouseisnot________________asthisdress.3.选择.(1)Shealwaysbuys________clothesthoughsheisrichenough.A.cheapB.goodC.expensiveD.beautiful(2)Nowtheairinourtownis________thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.ratherbadD.evenworse(3)—Whichis_______,thesun,themoonortheearth?—Ofcourse,themoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest(4)Themoreexerciseyoudo,the________youwillbe.A.weakerB.healthierC.luckierD.worse5(5)ThepopulationofChinais________than________ofanyothercountryintheworld.A.larger;theoneB.more;thatC.larger;thatD.more;theone(6)Theturckytastes________thechicken.A,asbetterasB,muchbetterthanC,aswellasD,thebestto(7)I'mnot________tolifttheheavybox.A.shortenoughB.enoughtallC.healthenoughD.strongenough(8)Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas________withme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry(9)Jonelooksso________todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily(10)Thisbookisn’tso________asthatone.It’shardtoread.A.newB.difficultC.easyD.easier(11)AllthestudentsinourclassareoverfifteenexceptLiLei.Heis________inourclass.A.youngerB.theoldestC.badD.worse(12)—Whatdeliciouscakes!—Theywouldtaste________withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse(13)Inourcity,it’s________inJuly,butitiseven_______inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotter(14)IlikeChinesebecauseitsounds____.A,wonderB,wonderingC,wonderfulD,wonderfully(15)Thebookis________.Mostoftheteachersare________init.A.interesting;interestedB.interesting;interestingC.interested;interestingD.interested;int
本文标题:初中英语初一形容词副词
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