人教版高中英语必修五第一单元语法：过去分词作表语和定语的用法导学案(无答案)

高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）BookVUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod3Discoveringusefulstructure导学案【学习目标】1.扎实掌握过去分词作表语和定语的用法。2.自主学习，合作探究，学会总结过去分词作表语和定语的用法的方法。3.以极大的热情投入语法学习中，体验学习的快乐。【重难点】过去分词作表语和定语的用法。【课前预习案】语境呈现1.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.(interested过去分词作表语)4.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.(affected过去分词作定语)5.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.（determined过去分词作表语）6.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（todo）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如asleepingboy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而asleepingbag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。我的疑惑请将预习中不能解决的问题写下来，供课堂解决______________________________________________________________【合作探究案】1.作定语过去分词作定语[例句展示]仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1.Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.2.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.3.Papercutsusedforreligiouspurposesareoftenfoundintemples.4.Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.5Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter[归纳]1.过去分词作定语的位置单个分词放在所修饰词的__________（见句1、句2），_________作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个____________（见句3、句4、句5）。2.过去分词在语态和时态的表达过去分词在语态上表示动作__________，在时态上表示动作__________。（见句1此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由__________动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。（见句1）[拓展](1)不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallenleaves落叶；retiredworkers______________；therisensun____________。(2)现分和过分作定语的区别动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是_________关系，表示动作____________；而过去分词作定语时，则表示________或________意义。如：1.Lookatthatrunningdog.2.Whoisthegirlwritingaletterthere?3.ThebookwrittenbyLunXunisverypopular.2.作表语(1)当“人”做主语时用过去分词作________，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。(2)过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的________，而被动语态则表示________。比较：Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)小结:分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起________和________的作用，可以作________、________或是________等分词有两种，一种是________，一种是________。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表________；二是表________。过去分词在句中可用作________、________、________或________等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。【巩固提高案】一、用适当形式填空。1.Theanimalandplantsthattheyfoundtherewere______________(astonish)2.Iwas______________(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchildhadbeenfound.3.The______________newsmadeus______________(disappoint)4.The______________motherwenttovisitEinstein.(puzzle)5.Thefiercelionlooks______________(frighten).Keepawayfromitscageoritwillattackyou.二、单选1.TheEmperor’sNewClothesisan______text.Allofusare______aboutit.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited2.—I’mvery______withthedishIcooked.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm.Itdoeshavea______smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant3.Ihavereadplentyofbooks______byLuXun.A.writtenB.wroteC.writesD.writing4.Lilyseemsverymuch_____inthemagazine,butIthinkit’stooexpensive.A.interestedB.interestingC.tointerestD.tobeinteresting5.Allthepassengersshouldremain_______whentheplaneismakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.tobeseatingD.seated6._______arenow_______goodcareofinthehospital.A.Theworkersinjured;takenB.Theinjuredworkers;beingtakenC.Theinjuredworkers;takenD.Theworkersinjured;beingtaken7.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown8.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded9.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known10.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt三、分别用定语从句和V-ed形式互换完成下列句子。1.Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.=Thequestion________________________wasveryimportant.2.ThebuildingwhichwasbuiltnowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.=Thebuilding_________________(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.3.Thewindow_________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenbythenaughtyboyisbeingrepaired4.Thechildren________________________(昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.=Thechildrenwhichwascheckedinthehospitalwereseriouslyill.5.Thepeople_________________(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.=Thepeoplewhowasexposedtothesungotsunburnt.