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史上最全新加坡中英双语介绍HistoryIn1819,SirThomasStamfordRaffles,aBritishEastIndiaCompanyofficial,madeatreatywiththeSultanofJohoreandestablishedSingaporeasatradingpostandsettlement.Singaporewaslatermadeacrowncolonyin1867afteraseriesofterritorialexpansions.ItsoongrewasanentrepottownduetoitsstrategiclocationalongthebusyshippingroutesconnectingEuropetoChina.DuringWorldWarII,JapaneseforcesinvadedMalayaandthesurroundingregionintheBattleofMalaya,culminatingintheBattleofSingapore.TheBritishweredefeateddespitehavingnumericalsuperiority,surrenderingon15February1942totheJapanese.TheJapaneserenamedSingaporeasSyonan-to(LightoftheSouth)andheldituntiltheJapanesedefeatinSeptember1945.In1959,Singaporebecameaself-governingcrowncolonywithLeeKuanYewfromthePeoplesActionParty(PAP)asthefirstPrimeMinisterofSingaporefollowingthe1959elections.Afteranationalreferendumin1962,SingaporewasadmittedintotheFederationofMalaysiaalongwithMalaya,SabahandSarawakasastatewithautonomouspowersinSeptember1963.AfterheatedideologicalconflictdevelopedbetweenthestategovernmentandtheFederalgovernmentinKualaLumpur,Singaporewasseparatedformthefederationon7August1965.Itbecameanindependentnationtwodayslateron9August1965.历史1819年,托马斯・史丹福・莱佛士(SirThomasStamfordRaffles),一名英国东印度公司的官员,和柔佛苏丹签定一项条约,将新加坡作为一个贸易局和殖民点。之后新加坡经历了一系列的领土扩张并在1867年成为皇室殖民地。由于其连接欧洲和中国航运路线的战略地位,它很快发展成为一个贸易中心。在第二次世界大战期间,日本在马来亚的战争中用武力侵犯了马来半岛和周围的地区,这一战争在新加坡战役达到顶点。尽管数量上占优势,英国人仍被击败并在1942年2月15日向日本人投降。日本人将新加坡改名为Syonan-to(“南方的光”),掌管它直到1945年9月日本人投降。1959年,新加坡成为自治皇室殖民地,1959年人民行动党(PAP)推选李光耀为第一任首相。1962年国家全民投票之后,新加坡在1963年9月被允许作为自治主权国同马来亚,沙巴和沙捞越一起进入马来西亚联邦。由于在吉隆坡问题上国家政府和联邦政府之间意识形态冲突的热化,新加坡在1965年8月7日脱离联邦。在两天之后的1965年8月9日它宣布独立。GeographySingaporeislocatedinsoutheasternAsia,anislandcountrybetweenMalaysiaandIndonesia.Singaporeisadiamond-shapedislandwithsurroundingsmallerislands.TherearetwoconnectionsfromSingaporetotheMalaysianstateofJohor-aman-madecauseway(knownastheCauseway)tothenorth,crossingtheTebrauStraits,andTuasSecondLink(calledLinkeduaExpresswayinMalaysia),abridgeinthewesternpartofSingaporethatconnectstoJohorOfSingaporesdozensofsmallerislands,JurongIsland,PulauTekong,PulauUbinandSentosaarethelargerones.ThehighestpointofSingaporeisBukitTimahHill,withaheightof164m(538feet).地理新加坡位于亚洲东南部,是马来西亚和印度尼西亚之间的一个岛国。新加坡是若干小岛包围的菱形岛屿。从新加坡到柔佛(Johor)的马来西亚有两条途径,一个是人造的堤道(称为Causeway)―横越Tebrau海峡,和大士(Tuas)第二个联系(在马来西亚叫做连接的高速公路LinkeduaExpressway),连接新加坡西部和柔佛(Johor)的一座桥梁。在新加坡的数十个小岛中,谷朗岛(Jurong),德光岛(Tekong),乌敏岛(Ubin)和圣淘沙岛(Sentosa)是较大的岛屿。新加坡的最高点是武吉知马山(BukitTimahHill),高度为164米。(538英尺)。PoliticalSystemSingaporeisarepublicwithaWestminstersystemofaunicameralparliamentarygovernment,withtheexecutivepowersrestinginthehandsofcabinetofministersledbyaprimeminister.Theofficeofthepresidentwas,historically,aceremonialoneasheadofstate,buttheConstitutionwasamendedin1991tocreatethepositionofapopularlyelectedpresidentandalsotograntthepresidentvetopowersinafewkeydecisionssuchastheuseofthenationalreservesandtheappointmentofkeyjudiciarypositions.ThelegislativebranchofgovernmentistheParliament.政治体系新加坡是一院制,威斯敏斯特体系共和国,行政权由首相领导的部长内阁掌管。总统,历史上是国家形式上的领导,但是在1991年修正宪法,由民众选举总统,并且授予总统在使用国家储备和任命重要司法人员等一些关键决定中拥有否决权。政府的立法机构是议会。EducationSystemCompulsoryEducation(CE)wasimplementedinSingaporefrom1January2003.AccordingtotheCEAct,achildofcompulsoryschoolageisonewhoisabovetheageof6yearsandwhohasnotyetattainedtheageof15years.Theeducationsystemconsistsof6-yearsofprimaryeducation,4-5yearsofsecondaryeducation,followedby2-3yearsofpre-universityeducation,andthenthetertiaryeducation.Agrowingnumberofchildrenareattendingpre-nurseryorplayschooleducationbeforetheageof4,thoughthisisoptional.ManychildreninSingaporealsoattendNurseryfor1yearattheageof4,thoughthisisalsooptional.Bytheageof5,mostchildrenwillbeattendingKindergartenfor2years(K1andK2).FormaleducationinSingaporebeginsatprimaryschools,startingfromPrimary1throughPrimary6.ChildrenwhopassthePrimarySixLeavingExamination(PSLE)attheendofPrimary6willprogresstosecondaryschools,startingfromSecondary1throughSecondary4(Special/ExpressStream),orSecondary1throughSecondary5(NormalStream).StudentswhopasstheGCEOLevelexaminationattheendofSecondary4or5willthenhavetocompeteforadmissiontoeitheraJuniorCollege(2years),aPolytechnic(3or4years)oraPre-UniversityCentre(3years).Finally,studentswhopasstheGCEALevelexaminationattheendofJuniorCollegeYear2orPre-UniversityYear3,andstudentswithexcellentresultsattheendofPolytechnicYear3/4willthenhavetocompeteforadmissiontoalocaluniversity.Thestateistheprincipalproviderofeducationatprimary,secondaryandtertiarylevels.Inthecaseofnon-formaleducation,theprivatesectorplaysthecomplementaryroleofrunningcontinuing/supplementaryeducationclassesincommercial/businessstudies,computers,languages,finearts,tuition,etc.PrivateschoolsconductingeducationalcoursesarerequiredtoberegisteredwiththeMinistryofEducation.教育体系新加坡从2003年1月1日起实行义务制教育(CE)。根据CE行动,儿童的“义务制教育年龄”是6岁以上,15岁以下。教育系统包括6年的小学,4--5年的中学教育,其后是2--3年的大学预备教育,再是高等教育。尽管可以选择,但是愈来愈多的孩子仍在4岁之前参加了托儿所预备班或者幼儿游戏所。许多新加坡的孩子也在4岁参加了1年的托儿所,尽管这也是可以选择的。到5岁时,大多数孩子将参加2年的幼儿园(K1和K2)。新加坡的正规教育从小学开始,从小学一年级到小学六年级。在六年级结束时通过小学
本文标题:史上最全-新加坡-中英双语介绍
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