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非谓语动词•非谓语动词是指那些不能作谓语的动词。不定式的六种形式时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式To+动词原形Tobe+过去分词完成时Tohave+过去分词Tohavebeen+过去分词进行时Tobe+现在分词无完成进行时Tohavebeen+现在分词无类别一般进行完成不定式todo动名词doing现在分词过去分词donetobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone词类主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√××现在分词××√√√√过去分词××√√√√•动词不定式的特点:他可以有自己的宾语:Helikestoplayping-pangball.(做宾语)Hisjobistocleanallthewindows.(做表语)他可以有状语来修饰:Theguardorderedmetoshowhimmypassportimmediately.(宾语补足语)他可以带有自己的主语(为了和句子的真正主语区分开来,我们称它为不定式的逻辑主语):Forhimtodrawsuchapictureisnoteasy.(主语)forhim是不定式的逻辑主语,句子的真正主语是整个不定式短语。不定式做名词的用法:动词不定式是指在动词原形前面带有不定式符号’to”的形式,与介词区分开我们叫它小品词,它只是一个符号没有词性,有时候动词不定式也可以不带to.(1)作主语(不定式做主语时候谓语动词用单数)不定式短语带有自己的宾语,状语,或者逻辑主语较长时用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在谓语之后。Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见,眼见为实。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.Itisapleasuretodosth.【注意】同一句型中不同介词的不同含义Itis+adj+forsbtodosth表示客观的情况Itisimportantforcindytoexpressheropinions.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth表示主观的感情Itiscleverofcindytoleavethatcountry.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowhername.Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等在动词tell,advise,show,teach,discuss,learn,decide后面常常跟一个连接代词或者副词的不定式做宾语。Hetaughtushowtousethetool.WhenIheardthewordsIdidn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.注意1:不定式有时和连接代词(副)词一起构成宾语•Hediscoveredhowtoopenthesafe.•Hetaughtmehowtoswim.•Idon’tknowwhattosay.注意2:it作形式宾语。Ifind/feel/thinkitinterestingtoworkwithhim.Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteraforergnlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.Subject+及物动词+it+宾语补足语+to+V.注意3:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo.除了but,except,besides之外个别介词可以用“连接代词(副词)+动词不定式”作为宾语。theboyhashisownideaofhowtofinishit.为了避免重复,作为宾语的不定式第二次出现的时候往往省略只留下不定式符号。动词:wantwishhopehateplantryloveyoucantrythatagainifyouwantto.在下列助动词之后havetooughttoneedIdidn’twanttobotheryou,butIhadtoasIforgottheaddress.在beableto,usedto和begoingto后Mrliplanedtocomebuthewasn’tableto.(3)作定语(位于他所修饰的词的后面,并且放在其他后置定语的后面)动宾关系:Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Toattend的逻辑宾语themeetingToattend是定语不定式做定语的时候,他所修饰的名词和不定式构成动宾关系或者主谓关系.1.名词或者代词+不定式(to+不及物动词+介词)如果做定语用的不定式是不及物动词,就要在这个不及物动词后面加上介词,是被修饰的词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语Heislookingforaroomtolivein.不定式做形容词的用法•2名词或者代词(地点,工具等)+不定式(to+动作性动词)+介词另外有时不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后面也有适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon.注:上述情况当不定式修饰的词是place,time,way的时候后面的介词可以省略Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive.Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisonfoot.主谓关系:不定式修饰的名词、代词是他得逻辑主语thefactorytoproduceelectricitywillbesetupnextyear.Afactorywhichistoproduceelectricitywillbesetupnextyear.定语从句Which指的是工厂是不定式的逻辑主语。P.s.若不定式修饰的是序数词或形容词最高级的时候他与被省略的名词也是逻辑主谓关系Cindyisalwaysthefirst(person)toarrive.不定式修饰something,anything,nothing修饰上面三个词的形容词或者不定式短语都放在词的后面Something,anything,nothing+形容词+动词不定式Doyouhaveanythingtoread?不定式做定语的时候用主动语态表示被动的关系:1.Therebe句型Thereisalettertowrite.Thereisalettertobewritten.不用Thereisnothingtolose.注意:如果句子的逻辑主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,就需要用被动语态Imgoingtothepostoffice,doyouhavesthtopost?Thanks,butIhavenothingtobepostnow.(不是说话人去寄送)•当不定式修饰want,have等动词的宾语,而句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语的时候,用主动语态表示被动含义。Eg.Wehavenohomeworktodo.We是不定式的逻辑主语,nohomework不定式的逻辑宾语,todo不定式Eg.Maryhasthreebabiestolookafter.•当不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词的直接宾语,而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语的时候,用主动语态表示被动义。Pleasebuymesomenewspaperstoread.Me不定式的逻辑主语,newspaper直接宾语Iwillgiveyousomenovelstoreadonthejourney.(4)作宾语补足语Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.注意1:在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。能用于此用法的动词有:ask,get,expect,wish,want,help,permit,beg,encourage,order,prefer,advise,like,callon,dependon,askfor,waitfor等Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong·Tobe结构动词think,find,believe,know,understand,take后面,不定式宾语常用tobe结构Iconsiderhimtobeanhonestman.Iconsiderhimhonesty.Be+todo;beabouttodoOurteacherisabouttoleavenextmonth.(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果。Icameheretoseeyou.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(目的)(原因表示感情的形容词后面)(结果)目的状语还可以用inorderto或soasto来表示。或者放在句首加强语气。ToservethepeoplewellIstudyhard.Ipreparedhardtoteachyouwell.(6)作表语(一般紧跟在系动词后面be,remain,appear,get)常见的主语包括:one’sdream,business,wish,whatOnewantstodoMyjobistohelpthepatient.(7)作独立成分Totellthetruth,Idon'tagreewithyou.Tobehonest/frank/fair注:1.句型Too+adj/adv+(forsb)+todosth在这种结构中不定式在句子中做结果状语,too此时表示morethanenoughThebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Thebookissohardthattheboycantread.Wearenevertoooldtolearn.Theproblemistoodifficult(forus)toworkout.Thisproblemissohardthatwecantworkitout.Too前面加上only或者but相当于really加强语气2.不定式修饰enough的用法theroadiswideenoughforthreehorsestogo.=theroadissowidethatthreehorsescango.3.不定式在句子中做独立成分作为独立结构出现,表明说话人的态度,已成为固定搭配Totellyouthetruth,tobefair,tobefrank1)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时不定式就要用进行式。Tompretendedtobedoingtheirhomeworkwhentheteachercamein.WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.2)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.I'msorrytohavek
本文标题:高中英语非谓语动词(共32张PPT)
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