英语语法之代词

代词CONTENTS12345678代词概述:代词就是指可以代替名词的词,可分为以下几种名称代词人称代词主格代词I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格代词me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…相互代词eachother/oneanother关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which.1单数复数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem___amastudent.我是一名学生。____areverykind.你真善良。____isaboy.他是一个男孩。____isagirl.她是一个女孩。____isadog.它是一只狗。____areChinese.我们是中国人。____aregoodstudents.他们是好学生。____aremyfriends.你们是我的朋友。主格IYouHeSheItWeTheyYou1.Everystudentinhisclasslikes______.班上的每一个人都喜欢他。2.Theteachershelp______tostudyEnglish.老师们帮助我们学英语。3.Thisbookisuseful,Iwanttobuy______.这本书很有用，我想买它。4.Thisgiftisfor______.这份礼物是给你的。5.Myparentslove______.宾格youitushimme二，三，一(单数）一，二，三（复数）1.我、你、他、都18岁。2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChina当人称代词单独使用或在not后多用宾格.—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me12注意①第一人称单数代词I（我）无论在什么地方出现都要大写。②人称代词作主语时要用其主格Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.③动词后用宾格：Ihelphimandhehelpsme介词后用宾格：Jimtakesgoodcareofme1.—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.theyExercise4.MissZhangteaches___math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours5.___likeplayingsoccerwith___.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent.___knewnoneof____.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween____.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8.___allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.UsExercise3、it的特殊用法:①it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.1.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.②It也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。1.天气：Howcolditistoday!2.时间：It’sabouteighto’clock.3.距离：It’s200kilometersfromhere.1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.thatExercise③固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.4.据说…It’ssaidthat…5.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoit’s也对！1.Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.goingExercise2单数第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisherits我的你的他的她的它的名词性物主代词mineyourshishersits我的你的他的她的它的复数第一人称第二人称第三人称ouryourtheir我们的你们的他们的oursyourstheirs我们的你们的他们的定义：表示所属关系的代词。包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirs物主代词的用法1.形容词性物主代词①Openyoureyes.张开你的眼睛。②Heismyteacher.他是我的老师。③Itishercat.它是她的猫。④Nobodysawtheirchildren.没有人见过他们的孩子。相当于形容词，用在名词前面。2.名词性物主代词①Idon’twantyourbook,Iwanthis.我不想要你的书，我想要他的书。②Therearetwoschoolbags,theredoneismine,theblackoneishers.这里有两个书包，红色那个是我的书包，黑色那个是她的书包。③Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。相当于名词，后面不再加名词。1.Itis______book,not______.这是我的书，不是你的。2.Mysisterhasawatch,but______isbetterthan______.我姐姐也有一个手表，但我的比她的好。3.Computersareveryuseful,weuse______for______study.电脑非常有用，我们用它们来帮助我们学习。4.Couldyougivemesomeapplesof______?你能把他们的苹果给我一些吗？myyoursminehersthemourtheirsExercise形容词性和名词性物主代词虽都译成“……的”，物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词”形代加名，名代无名Thisismybook=ThisbookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.ThisisLucy‘scoat，yoursisdifferentfromhersyourcoat物主代词用法：hercoatmybookmypen1.在“拍、打、拉某人身体的某部分”的句型中，虽译文有“我的””你的”之意，但英语中都不用物主代词，而要用the。hitsbin____face，hitsbon_____nose/headtakesbby____hand，catchsbby_____arm，2.名词性物主代词与of连用可构成名词所有格。例如：我的一个朋友afriendof_____Oneof_____friendsthetheminemy注意：3.物主代词前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等词修饰。如不能说themyrighthand。thethe1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,himExercise4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s6.Sheis___Englishteacher.Sheteaches__well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,theyExercise7.Isthis____sister?No,Sheis____sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must___goto___officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring___notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours10.Theredbagis___.___iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,HimExercise3反身代词1.定义：表示反射或强调的代词。单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己themselves他们自己第一人称、第二人称的反身代词：形容词性物主代词+self/selves第三人称的反身代词：人称代词宾格+self/selves反身代词的用法1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩的开心Didyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?2.helponeself(tosth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物Helpyourselvestosomefruit,children.3.hurtoneself伤着自己Shedidn’thurtherself.4.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学DidyouteachyourselfEnglish?=DidyoulearnEnglishbyyourself?5.lookafteroneself照顾自己Icanlookaftermyselfwell,thanks.6.saytooneself自言自语Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshallIdo?”7.cometooneself苏醒Soontheladycametoherself.8.makeoneself+过去分词，使自己被别人…Shedidherbesttomakeherselfunderstood