物流专业英语中英文

Chapter1LogisticsandcompetitivestrategyHighlightstheprinciplesofcompetitivestrategyandthepursuitofdifferentiationthroughthedevelopmentofproductivityandvalueadvantage.强调竞争策略的原则，说明应通过发展生产力和价值优势来追求产品差异化。ThedefinitionofLogisticsmanagement（物流管理定义）Logisticsistheprocessofstrategicallymanagingtheprocurement,movementandstorageofmaterials,partsandfinishedinventory(andtherelatedinformationflows)throughtheorganizationanditsmarketingchannelsinsuchawaythatcurrentandfutureprofitabilityaremaximizedthroughthecost-effectivefulfillmentoforders.物流是一个过程，它对企业及其所有营销渠道，从战略的角度管理原材料、零部件和最终库存品（包括相关信息流）的采购、流通和存储，以低成本完成订单，从而实现当前和未来的收益最大化2.CompetitiveadvantageWhat’sthebasicsuccessfulfactorsinthemarketplace?（成功三要素）itisthe“ThreeC’S”:TheCompanyIt’sCustomersIt’sCompetitorsWhat’sthesourceofcompetitiveadvantage?（竞争优势）Thesourceofcompetitiveadvantageisfoundfirstlyintheabilityoftheorganizationtodifferentiateitself,intheeyesofthecustomers,fromitscompetitionandsecondlybyoperatingatalowercostandhenceatgreaterprofit.竞争优势首先源于企业标新立异的能力，企业只有自身与众不同，才能在客户眼中脱颖而出；其次，竞争优势源于比竞争对手更低的运营成本及因此获得的高利润。Twovectorsofcompetitiveadvantage（两大优势）1.ProductivityadvantageInmanyindustriestherewilltypicallybeonecompetitorwhowillbethelowcostproducerand,thatcompetitorwillhavethegreatestsalesvolumeinthesector.任何行业中都有制造成本低廉的竞争者，这些竞争者通常也在该领域有着最大销量。当提到成本优势时就会提到“规模2ValueadvantageAnaxiom:Customersdon’tbuyproducts,theybuybenefits.消费者不是购买产品，而是购买利益。Itmeans:Theproductispurchasednotforitselfbutforthepromiseofwhatitwill‘deliver’.产品被购买不是因为产品本身，而是因为它所提供的利益Bytraditionviewpoint,howtogaincoatreduction?（降低成本）Traditionally,ithasbeensuggestedthatthemainroutetocostreductionwasbygaininggreatersalesvolumeandtherecanbenodoubtaboutthecloselinkagebetweenrelativemarketshareandrelativecosts.HoweveritmustalsoberecognizedthatLogisticsmanagementcanprovideamultitudeofwaystoincreaseefficiencyandproductivityandhencecontributesignificantlytoreducedunitcosts在提高效益和生产力、降低单位成本上，物流管理能够提供更多的方法。Whydocompaniesseektoaddadditionalvalues?（附加价值）Unlesstheproductorservicecanbedistinguishedinsomewayfromitscompetitorsthereisastronglikelihoodthatthemarketplacewillviewitasa‘commodity’andsothesalewilltendtogotothecheapestsupplier.Socompaniesmustseektoaddadditionalvaluestotheirofferingtomarkitoutfromthecompetition.Addingvaluethroughdifferentiationisapowerfulmeansofachievingadefensibleadvantageinthemarket.要想在市场中成功获得对手无法轻松赶超的优势，就得考虑通过差异性提高价值。Howtoachieveacostadvantage?（如何获得成本优势）Anincreasinglypowerfulroutetoachievingacostadvantagecomesnottonecessarilythroughvolumeandtheeconomiesofscalebutinsteadthroughlogisticsmanagement依靠销量和经济规模来取得成本优势变得越发无效，取而代之的是依靠物流管理。3.GainingcompetitiveadvantagethroughlogisticsLogisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganizationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage(seefigure1.6).物流管理能帮助企业在成本和价值两方面同时取得优势。Theunderlyingphilosophybehindthelogisticsconceptisthatofplanningandco-ordinatingthematerialsflowfromsourcetouserasanintegratedsystemratherthan,aswassooftenthecaseinthepast,managingthegoodsflowasaseriesofindependentactivities（物流概念中有这样一个内在的原理）：应该把从原料到客户的物料流通，作为一体化的系统进行计划和协调，而不要像过去那样将管理物料流通作为一系列独立的活动。Thusunderalogisticsmanagementregimethegoalistolinkthemarketplace,thedistributionnetwork,themanufacturingprocessandtheprocurementactivityinsuchawaythatcustomersareservicedatahigherlevelandyetatalowercost.Inotherwordstoachievethegoalofcompetitiveadvantagethroughbothcostreductionandserviceenhancement.加强营销、网络系统配送、制造过程、采购活动的联系，以更低的成本实现更优质的服务。4.ThemissionoflogisticsmanagementThemissionoflogisticsmanagementistoplanandco-ordinateallactivitiesnecessarytoachievedesiredlevelsofdeliveredserviceandqualityatlowestpossiblecost.物流管理的使命是计划和协调所有必要活动，以便在达到期望的服务水平和产品质量的同时，尽可能降低成本在传统企业中，营销和制造活动的关系如何？应如何改善(P13)？MarketingrecognitionMarketingasaconceptandphilosophyofcustomerorientationnowenjoysawideracceptancethaneverinthewesternworld.Itisnowgenerallyacceptedthattheneedtounderstandandmeetcustomerrequirementisaprerequisiteforsurvival.ManufacturingrecognitionAtthesametime,inthesearchforimprovedcostcompetitiveness,manufacturingmanagementhasbeenthesubjectofamassiverenaissance.NewideasFMSandnewinventoryapproachessuchas,JIT,MRPhavebeenintroduced.ProcurementrecognitionEquallytherehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofthecriticalrolethatprocurementplaysincreatingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantageaspartofanintegratedlogisticsprocess.作为一体化物流的一部分，在创造和维持竞争优势上，采购扮演着日趋重要的角色Inthisschemeofthings,logisticsisthereforeessentiallyanintegrativeconceptthatseekstodevelopasystem-wideviewofthefirm.因此，从本质上讲，物流管理就是一体化的概念，这一概念要求从系统的角度审视企业。5.Thesupplychainandcompetitiveperformance（供应链定义）Thesupplychainisthenetworkoforganizationsthatareinvolved，throughupstreamanddownstreamlinkages，inthedifferentprocessesandactivitiesthatproducevalueintheformofproductsandservicesinthehandsoftheultimateconsumer.供应链是相互关联的企业形成的网络，要求位于上下游的企业间相互联系，在不同进程和活动中以产品或服务的形式创造对客户有用的价值。Logisticsisessentiallyaplanningorientationandframeworkthatseekstocreateasingleplanfortheflowofproductandinformationthroughabusiness.Supplychainmanagementbuildsupontheframeworkan