现代商业企业物流系统管理(2)

精品资料网（）25万份精华管理资料，2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网（）专业提供企管培训资料现代商业企业物流系统管理第一章物流概述··················································································3第一节物流的含义与性质·································································3第二节商流与物流的关系·································································6第三节物流的职能与作用·······························································13第二章物流系统化·············································································18第一节物流系统化的概念和意义······················································18第二节物流系统化管理··································································21第三节物流系统合理化的模式·························································27第三章商品运输················································································31第一节商品运输原则与方法····························································31第二节运输方式···········································································38第三节联合运输···········································································44第四节集装箱运输········································································49第四章商品储存················································································54第一节储存在物流中的功能····························································54第二节仓库·················································································57第三节仓库的动态管理··································································69第五章商品配送················································································72第一节配送概述···········································································72第二节配送中心···········································································79第六章商品装卸················································································92第一节装卸作业功能分析·······························································92第二节改善装卸作业的途径····························································97第七章商品包装···············································································102第一节商品包装的含义与功能························································102精品资料网（）25万份精华管理资料，2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网（）专业提供企管培训资料第二节商品包装容器····································································107第三节包装标志··········································································111第四节商品运输包装技法······························································118第五节商品包装的合理化······························································126第八章物流信息···············································································130第一节物流信息··········································································130第二节商业物流信息系统······························································137第九章商业物流系统·········································································145第一节我国的商品流····································································145第二节商业物流组织机构······························································151第三节商业物流系统的结构与功能··················································157第十章商业物流现代化······································································165第一节物流现代化的概念······························································166第二节物流装备设施技术现代化·····················································168第三节商业物流管理方法现代化·····················································173第四节物流标准化·······································································177第五节国外物流的现代化······························································179精品资料网（）25万份精华管理资料，2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网（）专业提供企管培训资料第一章物流概述商品流通是由商流活动与物流活动两部分组成。它们之间既有互相制约而构成整个商品流通有机体的统一性，又具有各自处于不同流通环节的相对独立性。因此，从它们的业务性质上加以考察，表现为两种类型：商品收购和商品销售是以货币为媒介，在不同部门或企业之间实现商品所有权转移为特征的商流类型，商品运输和商品储存是实现商品实体在空间位至上移动和为衔接下一个商流业务而收贮商尽，以及进行必要的包装、加工和整理为特征的物流类型。商流对物流有决定性的作用；物流也反作用于商流。物流搞好了，就能促进商流的发展；反之，就会使商流处于中断或瘫痪状态。所以，物流在整个商品流通中乃至社会再生产中占有十分重要的地位，有着极其重要的作用。从理论上认识物流的重要性以及它在社会再生产和商品流通中的地位，认识商流与物流的辩证流一关系，进而建立起具有中国特色的现代商业物流管理体系是整个商业管理的重要组成部分。第一节物流的含义与性质一、物流的含义物流有广义物流与狭义物流（商业物流）两层含义。广义物流是指社会物质在一定的劳动组织条件下，凭借载体从供应方向需求方过程。任何物流的形成，离不开四个要素：（一）物质的物质资料。具体说包括物质产品、用作生产和生活排泄物的废弃物质、生产领域中的生产储备、进入生产过程的材料和半成品以及处在流通阶段尚未进入消费领域的生产资料和生活资料等，因而是社会再生产总过程中尚未进入个人消费领域的物质资料，它不应被理解为一般的物质.事实上，客观世界所存在的物质有许多并不是物流学中的物，如个人手中的生活资料，不能发精品资料网（）25万份精华管理资料，2万多集管理视频讲座精品资料网（）专业提供企管培训资料生空间位移的土地等。但也不能仅把它理解为生产资料。物流学所研究的物还包括作为物质产品但未进入消费领域的生活资料，因而也不是我们通常所指的物质，那是管理体制中有特定含义的名词，即专指工业所生产的生产资料中由国家进行统一分配的那一部分。当然它也不包括劳务、信息、技术等产品和资金、劳动力等。（二）劳动组织。任何物质只有人们通过一定的劳动组织去发挥作用，才能形成物流。它是物流朗IJ于自然界物质运动的标志，也是物流运动的真正动力。离开了人的劳动组织，物不会自行运动。地球的自然景物的定向移动，不是人组织的，因而不是物流。这里的劳动组织包括工农业生产单位、商业、外贸、物资等部门中从事物流活动的经济组织。。在现代商品经济条件下，企业是物流活动的主要组织者。（三）载体。物质发生移动必须借助于载体。载体是物流发生的客观条件。物流的载体指物流的设施。载体基本上可分为两部分：盛载物的机械设备如运输车辆、船只、飞机等；供这些设备运行的公路、铁路、航空路线等。载体的效率决定物流的效率。（四）定向移动。即物流的流，是指物质资料运动过程。因而它不可能被理解为空间转移的流动。事实上这种物质运动除了运输以外，还有装卸、保管、养护、修理、打包、包装、分装、组合、编配、发送、接收、流通加工等。可见物流的流，是供应者向需求者的物质定向移动过程的总和。狭义的物流是指商业物流，即发生在商品流通领域中的在一定劳动组织条件下凭借载体从供应方向需求方的商品实体定向移动。也就是在流通两个阶段（o-w、w-G）上发生的所