北大光华-项目管理课程资料2(1)

Dec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUTopic3ProjectPlanningDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•I.ProjectmanagementprocessDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUProjectManagementProcess•ArrowsrepresentflowofdocumentsanddocumentableitemsInitiatingprocessesPlanningprocessesControllingprocessesExecutingprocessesClosingprocessesDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Initiatingprocesses--recognizingthataprojectorphaseshouldbeginorandcommittingtodoso•Planningprocesses--devisingandmaintainingaworkableschemetoaccomplishthebusinessneedthattheprojectundertakentoaddress•Executingprocesses--coordinatingpeopleandotherresourcestocarryouttheplan•Controllingprocesses--ensuringthatprojectobjectivesaremetbymonitoringandmeasuringprogressandtakingcorrectiveactionwhennecessary•Closingprocesses--formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectorphaseandbringingittoanorderlyendDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUInitiatingprocess•TheformalinitiatinglinkstheprojecttotheongoingworkoftheperformingOrg.•Inputs:productdescription;strategicplan;projectselectioncriteria;historicalinformation•Toolsandtechniques:projectselectionmethods;expertjudgement•Outputs:projectcharter;projectmanageridentified/assigned;constrains;assumptionsDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUPlanningprocesses•Coreprocess•FacilitatingprocessScopeplanningScopeDef.ActivityDef.ActivitysequencingResourceplanningDurationestimatingCostestimatingScheduledevelopmentCostbudgetingProjectplandevelopmentQualityplanningCommunicationsplanningRiskidentificationRiskquantificationRiskresponsedevelopmentOrganizationalplanningStaffacquisitionProcurementplanningSolicitationplanningDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Planningisofmajorimportancetoaprojectbecausetheprojectinvolvesdoingsomethingwhichhasnotbeendonebefore.•Theprocessesabovearesubjecttotofrequentiterationspriortocompetingtheplan.Forexample,iftheinitialcompletiondateisunacceptable,projectresources,cost,orevenscopemayneedtoberedefined.Inaddition,planningisnotanexactscience--twodifferentteamscouldgenerateverydifferentplansforthesameproject.Dec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Scopeplanning:developingawrittenscopestatementasthebasisforfutureprojectdecisions•Scopedefinition:subdividingthemajorprojectdeliverablesintosmaller,ormanageablecomponents•Activitydefinition:identifyingthespecificactivitiesthatmustbeperformedtoproducethevariousprojectdeliverables•Activitysequencing:identifyinganddocumentinginteractivitydependencies•Activitydurationestimating:estimatingthenumberofworkperiodswhichwillbeneededtocompleteindividualactivities•Scheduledevelopment:analyzingactivitysequences,activitydurations,andresourcerequirementstocreatetheprojectschedule.•Resourceplanning:determiningwhatresources(people,equipment,materials)andwhatquantitiesofeachshouldbeusedtoperformprojectactivities.Dec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Costestimating:developinganapproximation(estimate)ofthecostsresourcesneededtocompleteprojectactivities.•Costbudgeting:allocatingtheoverallcostestimatetoindividualworkitems•Projectplandevelopment:takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent,coherentdocument.•Qualityplanning:identifyingwhichqualitystandardsarerelevanttotheprojectanddetermininghowtosatisfythem•Organizationplanning:identifying,documenting,andassigningprojectroles,responsibilities,andreportingrelationships•Staffacquisition:gettingtheHRneededassignedtoandworkingontheproject.Dec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Communicationplanning:determiningtheinformationandcommunicationsneedsofthestakeholders:whoneedswhatinformation,whenwilltheyneedit,andhowwillitbegiventothem.•Riskidentification:determiningwhichrisksarelikelytoaffecttheprojectanddocumentingthecharacteristicsofeach.•Riskquantification:evaluatingrisksandriskinteractionstoassesstherangeofpossibleprojectoutcomes•Riskresponsedevelopment:definingenhancementstepsforopportunitiesandresponsestothreats•Procurementplanning:determiningwhattoprocureandwhen•Solicitationplanning:documentingproductrequirementsandidentifyingpotentialsources.Dec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUExecutingprocesses••FacilitatingprocessesProjectplanexecutionInformationdistributionsolicitationTeamdevelopmentSourceselectionScopevertificationQualityassuranceContractadministrationDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Projectplanexecution:carryingouttheprojectplanbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedtherein.•Scopeverification:formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectscope•Qualityassurance:evaluatingoverallprojectperformanceontheregularbasistoprovideconfidencethattheprojectwillsatisfytherelevantqualitystandard.•Teamdevelopment:developingindividualandgroupskillstoenhanceprojectperformance•Informationdistribution:makingneededinformationavailabletoprojectstakeholdersintimelymanner•Solicitation:obtainingquotations,bids,offers,orproposalasappropriate•sourceselection:choosingfromamongpotentialsellers•contractadministration:managingtherelationshipwiththesellerDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKUControllingprocesses•facilitatingprocessesPerformancereportingOverallchangecontrolScopechangecontrolSchedulecontrolRiskresponsecontrolCostcontrolQualitycontrolDec.2001WanjunJIANGGSMPKU•Projectperformancemustbemeasuredregularlyt