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1Unit18MicrocomputerI.Lead-inWhyisitimportanttoknowhowacomputerworks?Easy,ifyoudon't,itwillbehardtocontrol.Computerswereneverbuilttocontroluseventhoughthatishowitappears.TheircreationwasjustanothertoolGodgavemantousetobenefitsociety.Whatcanyoudotolearnmoreaboutcomputers?Ihaveaneasyanswer.Justread,andusecomputersmore.Theyarenotthathardandwithtimeyoutoocanbecomethemasteroverthistool.Computers,theonesweknowandlovehavenotbeenaroundallthatlong.Thefirsthomepersonalcomputerwasnotsolduntil1977.Wehavecomealongwaysincethen.Didyouknowthatin1983therewereapproximately2millionpersonalcomputersinuseintheUnitedStates.However,just10yearslaterin1993thenumberhadjumpedtomorethan90million.Andnowin2009thenumberisestimatedatover200million.Computers,todayaresmall,fast,reliable,andextremelyuseful.Backin1977thatreallywasnotthecase.However,theybothoperatedinbasicallythesameway.Theybothreceivedata,storeddata,processeddata,andthenoutputdatasimilarthewayourownbrainfunctions.Thisarticledealswiththose4functions:Memory,Processing,Input,andOutput.II.WordStudy1.component[kəm'pəunənt]n.元件,部件,组件;成分,部分1)Cannotperformthisoperationonacomponentwithoutasite.如果没有站点,将不能在组件上执行此操作。2.ignorant['iɡnərənt]adj.(常与of,in连用)无知识的;不知道的1)Ifso,anignorantinvestormaypickandchooseatrandom,knowingthatherselectionswillbepricedaskeenlyasanyothers.如果是这样的话,无知的投资人就可以随机选取,因为她知道自己所选资产的价格会和其他资产一样公道。3.architecture['a:kitektʃə]n.(计算机)体系结构;计算机的物理结构(包括组织结构、容量、该计算机的CPU、存储器以及输入输出设备间的互连)Traditionally,aworkstation'sthroughputdependsonitsbusandmemoryarchitecture,aswellasitsCPUspeed.传统上讲,工作站的吞吐量与其总线和存储器体系结构以及CPU的速度有关。4.processor['prəusesə]n.处理机,处理器1)Yes,Ioftenoperatethewordprocessor.会的,我经常操作文字处理机。2)Therewasaspreadsheetfile,awordprocessorfile,agraphicseditorfile.2其中有电子表格文件、字处理文件,图形编辑器文件。5.semiconductor[,semikən'dɔktə]n.[物]半导体Thisfallindemandcompoundsanotherproblemforthesemiconductorindustry.需求下滑还加重了半导体行业的另一个问题。6.capacitor[kə'pæsitə]n.(=capacitator)电容器Acapacitor,superorotherwise,ismadeoftwoconductorsseparatedbyaninsulator.电容器,超级的也好,一般的也好,都是由绝缘体分开的两个导体组成。III.Languagepoints1.Althoughyoucanwritesoftwarethatisignorantoftheseconcepts,highperformancesoftwarerequiresacompleteunderstandingofthismaterial.虽然你在编写软件程序时可以不考虑这些概念,但编写高性能的软件却需要对这些部件有一个完整的了解。beignorantof:v.不知道,不了解(1)Asaresult,manyAmericansaresurprisinglyignorantofthebasicmechanicsofreproduction.结果造成许多美国人竟对生育的基本原理一无所知,真令人吃惊。(2)IdocontendthatwehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsPowerfulAdhesiveTapeindiscriminatelyintothehandsofpersonslargelyorwhollyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.我要说的是,我们不分青红皂白地将这些有毒的、具有强大生物功能的化学制品,交给了那些对这些制品的潜在危害基本上或者完全无知的人去使用。2.ThemajordifferencebetweenmemoryandI/OlocationsisthefactthatI/Olocationsaregenerallyassociatedwithexternaldevicesintheoutsideworld.存储器和输入/输出口最大的不同是输入/输出口是与外部世界的外部器件相连接的。beassociatedwith:和…联系在一起(1)Inthiscase,inflationwouldmostbeassociatedwiththegrandunificationofthefundamentalforces.在此状况下,暴胀极可能与基本作用力的大一统过程有关。(2)Specifyingtheformatshouldnotbeassociatedwiththeactofsavingthefiletodisk.指定文件的格式不应该和保存文件到磁盘的操作相关。3.However,eachbuscarriescompatibleinformationonallprocessors.但是,对所有的处理器而言每种总线都携带兼容的信息。compatible[kəm'pætəbl]a.适合的;兼用式的;(电脑)相容的(1)Asmoremanufacturesproducecompatibleequipment,thestandardwill3becomeevenmorewidespread.随着更多的厂家生产兼容设备,该标准将会更加普及。(2)Anindustryimitatingthisandotherorganicprincipleswouldbemorecompatiblewiththeorganicdomainaroundit.工业效法这条以及其他的自然原理,就更能与其周边的有机领域相兼容。4.Ifthewritelineislow,thesystemtransfersdatafromtheCPUtomemory.如果写控制线是低电平,系统把数据从CPU传输到存储器中。transfer…from…:从…调动(1)TheLRTprovidesfreetransferfromoneroutetoanotherwithinthesamefarezoneandwithconnectingfeederbuses.轻铁提供免费接驳巴士服务,乘客也可免费转乘同一收费区内不同路线的轻铁列车。(2)Thisisabitsciencetoincludehere,butitstillastoundsme:they'veactuallymeasuredthetimeittakesanelectrontotransferfromoneatomtoanother.这里涉及一点科学知识,但它令我吃惊:他们实际是测量把电子从一个原子传送到另一个原子所需时间。5.Theprincipaltechnologyusedforthemainmemoryisbasedonsemiconductorintegratedcircuits.主存的主要技术基于半导体集成电路。bebasedon:根据,以…为基础;建立在…基础上(1)Scientifictheoriesarebasedonfacts.科学理论必须以事实为依据。(2)Thiskindofuserprofileislikelytobebasedonastereotypeandisnotusefulasadesigntool.这种类型的用户简要更像是一种用户固定模式,而作为设计工具没有什么用处。6.Thestoredinformationremainsvalidaslongaspowerisappliedtotheunit.只要芯片与电源相连,贮存的信息始终有效。isappliedto:应用于;施加于(1)Whenanelectricisappliedtotheelectrodesthepiezoelectricmaterialtranslatesthisintoamechanicalstrainalongitsradialaxis,tovibrate.当两个电极之间形成电场时,压电性物质便将电场转化为沿径向轴的机械压力,使纤维震动。(2)Thereliabilityofmechanicalequipmentcanbeobviouslyraisedwhenredundanttechnologyisappliedtothereliabilitydesign.运用冗余技术于军械装备的可靠性设计之中,可大大提高装备的可靠性。IV.TranslatingSkills在英译汉的过程中常遇到这样一种情况,即原词表达的并不是其字面意义,而是其字面意义的反义,或者说是对其字面意义的否定,但这种否定又往往不出现否定词。为了符合汉语习惯,往往必须使用与原文相反的字样或句式才能确切地译出原文的含义。这种翻译方法称为“反译法”。下面分5个4方面举例说明。1.添加否定词反译为使译文通顺,翻译时需要使用同原文意义相反的词,可采用“否定词+反义词”的翻译法,在反义词前面加上否定词。例如:Mechanicalsealandballbearingmaybeleftassembledunlessitisnecessarytoservicethem.机械密封和滚珠轴承若不需维修,就不必拆卸。(leftassembled意为“让它装着”,此处译为“不必拆卸”更为通顺。)Therearemanyothersourcesinstore.还有多种其他能源尚未开发。2.删去否定词反译为了使译文通顺,译出原文所强调的含意,翻译时需要删去原文中的否定词,再将被否定的词反译出来,使原意不变。例如:Owingtorigidityofthespindleandbearin
本文标题:机电专业英语第2版电子教案Unit-18
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