普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之项目a

BestPracticeFinancialProcesses:ProjectAccounting2PwC175iProjectAccounting-BestPracticesObjectivesProjectAccountingObjectivesOrganisationPeopleProcessesControlsMeasuresInformationSystemstorecordandmaintaincostsandtimeataprojectandtaskleveltomaintainprojectassets&WorkInProgresstobill/chargeforjobscarriedouttoassistinplanning,schedulingandcontrollingprojectstomeasureongoingprofitabilityandtechnicaleffectivenessofprojectsandenablecorrectiveactiontobetakenBridgebetweenfinancialmanagement&projectmanagementEstablishprojectstructureandtypeCreatenewprojectAllocatebudgetTrackactualcostsandtimeReviewprojectsprogressBillorcapitalisecostsCloseprojectMonthlyreportingReconciliationtoothermodulesPhysicalprogressInvoicesbeingpaidKeyperformanceindicatorsProfitabilityofprojectVarianceanalysis(cost,time&materials)AchievementoftechnicalobjectivesOn-linetimesheetinputEliminaterekeyingofdataIntegratedsystemsEmpowerprojectmanagersTocontrolinformationandtakecorrectiveaction3PwC175iAlogicallydefinedproject&tasknumberingsystemisusedwithaproject/jobnumberthatallowsdivisionandreportingbylogicalelementsorsegmentsAfacilitytopredefinealistofprojecttypesEstablishwhoowns,whocontrolsandwhomonitorstheprojectBudgetestablishedinfinancialandquantitativetermsasanoptionBudgetsbyindividualpropertyandgroupofprojectsReforecasting/multiplebudgetfacilityMulticurrencybudgetingInformationfrompastprojectsavailabletoassistwithestimateoffutureprojectcostsDirectcostsallocatedpertimesheetentryIndirectcostspertimesheet/algorithmsCollectcostsinlinewithprojectmilestones/phasesVariouswaysofcollectingcosts;fullcost,marginal,directcosts,directcostsanduplift,etc,Actualsandcommitments(iePO)raisedagainstprojectbudgetMonitoragainstdefinedmilestonesConfirmphysicalprogressofprojectAmendbudgetsforknowncostsoverruns/savingsProjectcostscanbeallocatedtodepartmentsorbilledtocustomersatappropriatetimesChargeagainstagreedmilestonesBestPracticeFeaturesProjectAccounting-BestpracticefeaturesEstablishprojectAllocatebudgetsAllocatecosts&timeReviewprojectprogressvscosts&budgetBillorchargeforproject4PwC175iSystemrecordsallnecessaryprojectdataAnylevelofprojecttaskhierarchyispermittedSystemallowsbudgetingatthelowestorhighesttasklevelBudgetingcanbeonacosttime,materialorrevenuebasisStandardaswellasvaluebudgetsMarginalorfullcostingbasisNotesfacilitytosupportdocumentationofallbudgetassumptionsIntegratedtofinancial&HRsystemstoaidinputTimecostedatmultipleratesAutomaticinterfacewithinventory/accountspayableMulticurrencycostsMarginalorfullcostingbasisSoftwaresupportsstandard&adhocreportingandvarianceanalysisSoftwaresupportson-lineenquirybyprojectmanagementReal-timecheckagainstprojectsbudgetwhenraisingPO'sDrilldowntosourcefeaturesavailableIntegratedwithbillingsystemorinternalchargingsystemIntegrationwithfixedassetsystemforcapitalprojectcapitalisationMulticurrencybillingIntegrationwithGLforcostrecharging/allocationInterim/finalinvoicetomovecostsfromWorkinProgressSystemFeaturesProjectAccounting-BestpracticefeaturesEstablishprojectAllocatebudgetsAllocatecosts&timeReviewprojectprogressvscosts&budgetBillorchargeforproject5PwC175iProjectAccounting-CriticalSuccessFactorsProjectteamled,financesupported.Participativeapproachtofinancialprojectmanagementleadingtorealbuy-in;ComprehensivecommunicationandtrainingtomaximisebenefitsofbetterinformationStandardformatsandmeansofdatacollection/consolidationinplacewithmanageablelevelofdetail;Timetableinplacewithdeadlinesforinputtingcostsandtimesheetsagreed;Guidelinesclearlydefinedandcommunicated;Effectivecommunicationandfeedbackmechanismsinplacebetweencentralgroup(s)andproject/jobmanagers;Approvallevelsandresponsibilitiesclearlydefined;Effectiveuseofmanagementtimeduringthereviewprocess;Integratedsystemsinplacewithsoftwaretosupportonlinereportingandanalysisbyoperatingmanagement;Stronganalyticalsupporttodecisionmaking,bybothfinancedepartmentsandprojectteams;EfficientuseofIT,toensureprojectmanagersreceivetimelyandaccurateinformation.ThesearetheasummaryofthekeybusinessrequirementswhichmustbemettoachieveProjectAccountingobjectives:6PwC175iProjectAccounting-IssuesandTrendsLinkwithworkmanagement/resourceschedulingTrendsLinkwithprojectmanagementtoolforfinancialandprojectreportingProjectsoftenwillacrossfinancial/fiscalyears,thiscanmakeyearendaccountingcomplicatedIssuesThetrendistowardsintegratedsystems/bespokesolutionstailoredtomeetsectorspecificneedsProprietyprojectmanagementtools(egPMW,MSProject)haveonlyhighlevelfinancialreporting,jobandprojectcostingmoduleshavenoprogressreportingorplanningfunctions-nogoodsolutioncurrentlyavailable.ThetrendistointegrationanddatawarehousingIndependentclosingorcleardownofprojectdetailsfromfiscalyearcloseinmainfinancialledgers7PwC175iProjectAccounting-ProjectsClassificationsProjectscanbebroadlydefinedas:Capitalprojectssuchasnetworkbuilding;Billingprojectswhicharecustomerfacingprojectsandresultinthecustomerbeinginvoicedduringthelifeoftheprojectoratthecompletionofthep