Cold-War

ColdWarOutline•WhatistheColdWar•CausesofColdWar•EffectsofColdWarWhatistheColdWar•ColdWar(1947-1991)istheconflictbetweentheCommunistnationsledbytheSovietUnionandthedemocraticnationsledbytheUnitedStates.•Althoughtheprimaryparticipants‘militaryforceneverofficiallyclasheddirectly,theyexpressedtheconflictthroughmilitarycoalitions,strategicconventionalforcedeployments,extensiveaidtostatesdeemedvulnerable,proxywars(代理人),espionage(间谍活动),propaganda(宣传),conventionalandnucleararmsraces,appealstoneutralnations,rivalryatsportsevents,andtechnologicalcompetitionssuchastheSpaceRace.WhatistheColdWar•Itis,however,quitesafetosaythatsince1947whenPresidentTrumanoftheUnitedStatesdeclaredananti-communistpolicy,theColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionhasbegun.(Mark)WhatistheColdWar•TheUSfundedtheMarshallPlantoeffectuate(实现)amorerapidpost-WarrecoveryofEurope,whiletheSovietUnionwouldnotletmostEasternBloc（集团）membersparticipate.Elsewhere,inLatinAmericaandSoutheastAsia,theUSSRassistedandhelpedfostercommunistrevolutions,opposedbyseveralWesterncountriesandtheirregionalallies;sometheyattemptedtorollback,withmixedresults.SomecountriesalignedwithNATO,andothersformedtheNon-AlignedMovement.WhatistheColdWar•TheColdWarendedaftertheSovietUnioncollapsedin1991,leavingtheUnitedStatesasthedominantmilitarypower,andRussiapossessingmostoftheSovietUnion‘snucleararsenal(兵工厂，军械库).CausesofColdWar•Thereweredeep-rootedideological,economicandpoliticaldifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbeforetheSecondWorldWar.ThesedifferenceswereintensifiedasaresultoftheirmutualsuspicionsimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWar.CausesofColdWar•(1)Underlyingcauses(i)Ideological(意识形态的)(ii)Economic(iii)Powerrivalry(竞争)(2)ImmediateCausesLeadingtotheColdWar(i)ExtensionofRussianinfluenceinEurope(ii)ThereactionsoftheUnitedStates(iii)PoorrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionEffectsofColdWar•First,WorldWarIIissofarthelargestandthemostaffected,thelongest,themostwidelyspreadwar,whichhasfar-reachingimpactsonthehumanworld.•Second,undertheinfluenceandinspirationofanti-fascistwar,EasternEuropeandAsiawitnessedaseriesfoundationofpeople'sdemocraticcountries.EffectsofColdWar•Third,itpromoteddepthdevelopmentofthenationalliberationmovements.•Fourth,theUnitedNationswasborn.•Fifth,itpromotedtheawakeningofpeace-lovingpeople.•Sixth,itobjectivelypromotedthedevelopmentoftechnology.