初中英语语法现在完成时专项练习

1现在完成时一、结构：现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。其否定式是在助动词have/has后加not；一般疑问句是将助动词have/has移至句首。若肯定句中有already，在变成否定句、疑问句时应将其改成yet。eg.Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.(信已经不在我这儿了)Herfriendhasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改为否定句和疑问句)Herfriend_______thephotostohim_______.(hasn’tposted,yet)_______herfriend_______thephotostohim_______?(has,posted,yet)二、用法:1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等连用.1）---WhowillgototheairporttomeetJenny?---Iwill.I_______herseveraltimes.Icanfindhereasily.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet(B)2）It’s7:30.Ican’tbelieveyou_______cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tstartC.don’tstartD.hasn’tstarted(A)2、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,inthelasttenyears等,谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.Mr.Liuhaslivedhereforfiveyears.解析：（一）英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句中.eg.I'veleftShanghaiforthreedays.(×)I'vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.(√).IleftShanghaithreedaysago.(√)Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai.(√)（二）初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:⑴将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.⑵若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在howlong句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词.常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:open-----beopendie------bedeadclose----beclosedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/start-----beonputon----wearleave---beaway(from)buy-----havefallasleep----beasleepend/finish-----beovercatchacold-----haveacoldcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move------bein/atjointhearmy----beinthearmybeasoldierjointheParty----beinthePartybeaPartymember→Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.→Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.（三）Hasbeento和beenin/atbeento去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示目前人在这里)hasgoneto去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg.ShehasgonetoShanghai。(表示现在她人不在这里)2hasbeenin/at逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等连用.eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.1.---Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Fox?---Sorry.He_______theLongLake.A.hasbeentoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.willgoto(C)2.---_______youever_______totheUnitedStates?---Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC.Do,goD.Were,going(B)（四）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等连用.一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在不发生关系.---IsyourfatheraPartymember?---Yes,he_______thePartythreeyearsago.He______aPartymemberforthreeyears.A.joined,hasbeenB.hasjoined,hasbeenC.wasjoined,asD.joined,was(A)（五）现在完成时中的for与sincefor+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since+时间点/从句Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.1)---Whatanicebike!Howlong_______you_______it?---Justtwoweeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had(D)2)---DoyouknowBettyverywell?---Yes,sheandI_______friendssincewemetinGuangzhoulastsummer.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned(C)3)---Howlonghaveyou_______fromtheUSA?---Fortwoweeks.A.comebackB.returnedC.gotbackD.beenback(D)4)MrGreenhaslivedinChina_______fiveyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.fromD.over(B)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句：自从某事发生已有一段时间了.eg.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(改为同义句)______________threeyears_______he_______thearmy.(Itis,since,joined)注意:1）since引导的从句中动词用过去时2）when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.3）havegot,hasgot虽然是现在完成时,但havegot=havehasgot==has练习题:1）It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn’tit?2）--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes.Havealookatit,please.3)Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople_______(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4)Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5)Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reached6)--Where'sMary?--Oh,she_____thelibrary3A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgonetoKeys:1.met2.havechosen3.havereached4.C5.A6.D二、现在完成时与中考试题现在完成时是初中阶段同学们需要掌握的非常重要的语法项目，也是全国各地中考试题中经常出现的考点，下面我们就去看看这样的中考题你能不能做对吧。（一）全国历届中考试题1．Theyalltheirmoney，sotheyhavetowalkhome．（2001太原）a．spendb．hadspentc．havespentd．willspend2．JimhasmademanyfriendssincehetoChina．（2002天津）a．cameb．comesc．hascomed．willcome3．—Doyouknowhimwell？（2002河北）—Sure．Wefriendssincetenyearsago．a．wereb．havebeenc．havebecomed．havemade4．Bothhisparentslooksad．Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim．（2002呼和）a．knewb．haveknownc．mustknowd．willknow）5．Hurryup！Theplayfortenminutes．（2002辽宁）a．hasbegunb．hadbegunc．hasbeenond．began6．The2002WorldCupSoccerMatchforover20dayssinceMay31st．（2002吉林）a．hasbegunb．lastedc．begand．haslasted7．—youthefilmyet？（2002南通）—Yes，IitlastSaturday．a.Will…see，sawb.Did…see，sawc.Have…seen，haveseend．Have…seen，saw8．—HaveyoueverWuzhenandTaohuaIsland？（2002浙江）—No，never．ButI'mgoingtoWuzhenorTaohuaIslandthissummer．a．beeninb．goneinc．beentod．goneto9．—WhatdidMr．Jonesdobeforehemovedhere？（2002安徽）—Heacitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears．a．isdrivingb．drovec．hasdrivend．drives10．Dickis