医学研究生英语翻译写作整理

Chaper1在今天，只了解过去和现在是远远不够的，因为“现在”很快就变成“过去”，停留在了解“现在”仍然不能适应快速变化的社会现实。Today,itisfarfromenoughforpeopletoknowonlythepastandthepresent,because“thepresent”mayquicklyturninto“thepast”andpeoplewillfinditdifficulttoadaptthemselvestofast-changingsocialrealityiftheystaywiththeirknowledgeofthepresentonly.在要跟上信息时代的发展步伐，自我更新显得尤为重要。自我更新意味着通过不断地学习来提升自己，充分发挥自己的潜能。Thusself-renewalisparticularlyimportantforpeopletokeeppacewiththedevelopmentinaninformationera.Self-renewalmeansempoweringoneselfbylearningcontinuouslytodevelopfullyone’spotentialities.自我更新对医学专业人员更为重要。当代医学的新发现、新成果、新理论不断涌现，使他们以前所学的很多东西变得过时。Self-renewalismoreimportantformedicalprofessionals.Newfindings,newresearchoutcomesandnewtheoriesincontemporarymedicinekeepcomingout,makingwhattheylearnedbeforeobsolete.只有通过不断学习，把新发现和新理论转换成医学实践中的实际应用，医学专业人员才能发挥最大的能力。Onlybylearningcontinuouslyandtranslatingnewfindingsandnewtheoriesintopracticalapplicationsintheirmedicalpracticecanmedicalprofessionalsdeveloptheircapabilitiestothefull.一些曾经很有优势和机遇的人落伍了，原因往往是不重视自我更新，因而无意识地限制了自身的成长和潜能的发挥。Somepeoplewhohavehadeveryadvantageandopportunitybecomeoutdated.That’sbecausetheydon’tattachmuchimportancetoself-renewal,andasaresult,theyunconsciouslyputaceilingontheirowngrowthandthedevelopmentoftheirpotentialities.Chaper2医生培养被描述成西方世界里时间最长的成年礼。医学培训中临床轮转和住院医师期是培养未来医生具有人道关怀精神的不可或缺的阶段。PhysicianstraininghasbeendescribedasthelongestriteofpassageintheWesternworld.Clinicalrotationandresidencyinmedicaltrainingareindispensablestagestotrainwould-bephysicianswiththespiritofhumanisticcare.但是这些阶段里的一些司空见怪做法实际上是缺乏人道关怀的。However,somecommonpracticesinthesestagesareactuallydevoidofhumanisticcare.例如，在国内外的一些医学院校中，理论教学中所举的病例主要是视疾病与情感健康无关的生物体系。Insomemedicalschoolsathomeandabroad,forexample,casescitedintheoreticalteachingarethoughtofprimarilyasbiologicalsystemsthathaveillnessesunconnectedtotheiremotionalhealth.医学研讨会上发言的医生表达出更多的是医学职业的冷静，而不是对病人同情关心。在教学医院里，住院医生也常常被安排每周至少工作长达90小时。Physicianswhospeakatmedicalseminarsexpressmorecalmnesspeculiartomedicalprofessionratherthansympatheticconcernforpatients.Residentsinteachinghospitalsareoftenworkedatleastaslongas90hoursaweek.在缺乏睡眠和休息情况下工作的住院医师，面临着比在医学院学习时更大的压力，结果自身的身心健康也常常出问题。Residentswhoworkintheabsenceofenoughsleeporrestoftenfacemorestressthantheydoinmedicalschools,andasaresult,theyoftenhavetheirownphysicalandmentalproblems.在这样的文化氛围中，我们能够培养出具有人道关怀精神的医生吗？难道医学教育中的这些做法不值得我们去反思和改革吗？Insuchaculturalatmospherecanwetrainphysicianswiththespiritofhumanisticcare?Shouldn’tweponderandrevampsuchpracticesinmedicaleducation?Chaper3安慰剂效应证明了身心之间不可分割的联系和心理对疾病及健康的影响。Theplaceboeffectistheproofoftheinseparablerelationbetweenmindandbodyandoftheeffectofmindonillnessandhealth.虽然安慰剂只不过是无害的模仿药，不具有什么药理性质，但大量的研究证据表明，它在医师治疗一些患者过程中不仅仅起到心理助手作用，还作为真正的治疗制剂，用来改变体内的化学变化，帮助调动体内的免疫系统同不适和疾病作斗争。Althoughaplaceboisnothingmorethananinnocuousimitationmedicineandhasnopharmacologicalproperties,substantialresearchevidencesuggeststhatitactsnotjustasaphysician’spsychologicalpropinthetreatmentofcertainpatients,butasanauthentictherapeuticagentforalteringchemicalchangesinthebodyandforhelpingtomobilizethebody’sdefensesincombatingdisorderordisease.一个人的身体不适或患病往往是生物的、行为的、心理的和社会的多种因素综合作用的结果。Adisorderordiseaseoftenresultsfromacombinationoffactors,includingbiological,behavioral,psychologicalandsocialones.好医生会善用药物来治病，因为他知道没有一种药是没有副作用的。Agooddoctorknowshowandwhentobestusedrugsinthetreatmentofdisease,becauseheknowsthereisnodrugthatdoesnothavesomesideeffects.好医生还会不失时机地动用非药物资源，从行为、心理、社会多方面去关怀病人，因为医生知道人体是其自身最好的药师，乐观和信心会把康复的愿望转换成身体的现实。Agooddoctoralsolosesnotimeinmobilizingallthenon-pharmaceuticalresourcestogivehispatientsbehavioral,psychologicalandsocialcare,becauseheknowsthatthehumanbodyisitsownbestapothecaryandthatoptimismandconfidencecantranslatethewilltorecoverintoaphysicalreality.从这一意义上看，安慰剂也许就是医生给不需要药物治疗的病人所需要的健康承诺。Inthissense,aplacebocanbeapromiseofgoodhealththatadoctorgivestothepatientswhodonotneeddrugtreatmentatall.Chaper6在以往一些时期里，国内的医患关系一直不尽如人意，甚至有些紧张。医学知识的迅速膨胀，使患者在医学方面愈加见多识广，对医生要求也更高。InthepastperiodsoftimeinChina,thedoctor-patientrelationshiphasbeenfarfrombeingsatisfactory,orevengotabitstrained.Withthequickexpansionofmedicalknowledge,patientsareincreasinglysophisticatedaboutmedicineanddemandmoreoftheirdoctors.另一方面，医生在职业压力下，会把更多的时间花在跟上医学发展而不是关心病人上。Ontheotherhand,doctorsareundergreaterprofessionalpressuretospendmoretimekeepingabreastofmedicaladvancesthanbeingpreoccupiedwithpatients.此外，卫生资源分布不合理，医疗费用不断上升以及看病难，都加剧了医患关系的紧张。Inaddition,theirrationaldistributionofhealthresources,theever-increasingmedicalcostsanddifficultaccesstohealthcare,allhavecontributedtothestrainedrelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.但是，健康的医患关系中最重要因素是理解和信任，而这些正是目前医患关系中所缺失的。However,thevitalingredientsinahealthydoctor-patientrelationshipareunderstandingandtrust,andthosearejustwhataremissinginthecurrentdoctor-patientrelationship.医患双方都应充分认识到现代医学的局限性。即使有最新的医疗技术和药物，不少病还是无法治愈的。患者来求医，是出于对医生的信任。Bothdoctorsandpatientsshouldrecognizefullythelimitsofmodernmedicine.Forallthestate-of-the-artmedicaltechnologiesandmedications,quiteanumberofdiseasesarestillincurable.Patientsseekmedicaladviceou