2021学年新教材高中英语Unit5Revealingnature突破语法大冲关学案外研版选择性必修

-1-Unit5Revealingnature过去完成时[观察例句]1．What'smore，hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthat...2．AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica，hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.3．Atthattime，peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime...4．Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.[归纳用法]过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。1．过去完成时的构成过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。2．过去完成时的用法①“已完成”的用法：表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。By5：00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。[名师点津]在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。-2-Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland，MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。②“未完成”的用法：表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再持续下去。Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.直到那时一切都很顺利。JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。③“想象性”的用法过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，asif引导的从句中。Ifshehadworkedhard，shewouldhavesucceeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。④表示“刚刚……就……”过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...，nosooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。[名师点津]intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。Ihadmeanttocome，butsomethinghappened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去”。YesterdayIreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.-3-昨天我归还了借的书。Hedidn'tknowathingabouttheverb，forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Bynineo'clocklastnight，wehadgot(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.2．Hesaidhehadworked(work)inthatfactorysince1949.3．Untilthenhehadknown(know)nothingaboutityet.4．Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeen(be)outofworkthatyear.5．Theyarrived(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Istillrememberlastwinter，1.whenIwokeupinthemorning，it2.hadstopped(stop)snowing.Lookingoutsideofthewindow，theshinywhitesnowonourlawn3.hadbeencleaned(clean)bymyfather.IclosedthebookthatI4.hadborrowed(borrow)fromlocallibraryandwentdownstairsforbreakfast.Thenmylittlebrothercametotellmethathe5.hadfinished(finish)allhishomeworkandhehad6.averynicedreamthenightbefore.Duringthebreakfast，oneofmybestfriendscametovisitmyfamily.ShewenttoAustralialastyear.7.Beforethatshe8.hadprepared(prepare)fortheexaminationofUniversityofSydneyforhalfayear.Duringherstudy，she9.hadlearned(learn)thecultureand10.professional(profession)knowledgeinherfield.