2021学年高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientists预习新知早知道教师用书新人教版

Unit1ScienceandScientistsⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配第一组()1.severeA．n.感染；传染()2.contradictoryB．adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的()3.infectionC．adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的()4.multipleD．n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人()5.householdE．adj.数量多的；多种多样的()6.interventionF．adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的()7.rawG．adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的()8.substantialH．n.介入；出面；干涉()9.statisticI．n.显微镜()10.microscopeJ．n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学[答案]1－5BCAED6－10HFGJI第二组()1.thinkingA．n.蛋白质()2.proteinB．n.病毒()3.cellC．n.思想；思维；见解()4.virusD．adj.最初的；开始的；第一的()5.initialE．n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房()6.frameworkF．n.彩虹()7.rainbowG．n.框架；结构()8.concreteH．n.领导；领导地位；领导才能()9.mechanicI．n.机械师；机械修理工()10.leadershipJ．n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的[答案]1－5CAEBD6－10GFJIHB．短语匹配()1.onceandforallA．同意；赞同()2.subscribetoB．幸亏；由于()3.thankstoC．水泵()4.waterpumpD．最终地；彻底地()5.theoreticalframeworkE．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发()6.breakoutF．理论框架()7.inchargeofG．下降；坠落()8.comedownH．最重要的是；尤其是()9.aboveallI．主管；掌管[答案]1－5DABCF6－9EIGHⅡ.默写单词第一组1．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2．proofn.证据；证明；检验3．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责5．handlen.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6．linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9．findingn.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决10．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体第二组1．castvt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷2．shadown.阴影；影子；背光处3．pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)4．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解5．assistantn.助理；助手6．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的7．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的8．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的9．faultn.弱点；过错10．shiftn.改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅰ.语境填空suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；link；handle；pour；transform；outstanding；defend1．Isubscribedtoamorningpaper.2．Weallsuspectthetruthofthereport.3．Mybrotherbrokethewindow，butIgottheblame．4．Doyouknowhowtohandlethemachine?5．Istherealinkbetweenlungdiseaseandsmoking?6．Theunemploymentrateofthecountrydecreasedlastyear.7．Anewcolourschemewilltransformyourbedroom.8．AndypouredtheglassfullandliftedittoBobby.9．Theaccusedmanhadalawyertodefendhim.10．Herlatehusbandwasanoutstandingscientist.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Iftheprimaryinfection(infect)isnottreated，furtheroutbreaksmayoccur.2．Wewouldresistanyarmedintervention(intervene)fromoutsideinourcountry'saffairs.3．Anaccidentwasavoidedbyhisquickthinking(think)．4．Thefindings(find)ofthecommissionhavenotyetbeenmadepublic.5．Themechanic(machine)wasbusyrepairingthemachine.6．I'llaskmypersonalassistant(assist)todealwiththis.7．Hewaspraisedforhisfirmleadership(leader)．8．Theirhelpersaregifted(gift)withamazingpowersofpatience.9．Hedidsomethingcontradictory(contradict)tohisorders.10．Thebloodonhisshoeswasaproof(prove)ofhisguilt.1．Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea，dehydration，andevendeath.这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。2．Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。3．Ingeneral，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。4．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。5．Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。词语助读①usedto过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做②oneofthemostfeareddiseases最可怕的疾病之一③causeseverediarrhoea导致严重的腹泻④anoutbreakofcholera爆发霍乱⑤diefrom死于⑥becomefrustrated变得沮丧⑦intime最后⑧attendto照料；照顾⑨givebirth生孩子⑩onceandforall最终地；彻底地⑪ingeneral一般而言⑫twocontradictorytheories两种相互矛盾的理论⑬aninfectionfromgerms细菌感染⑭subscribeto同意；赞同⑮needproof需要证据⑯begintoinvestigate开始调查⑰morethan500people500多人⑱bedeterminedtodo...决心做某事⑲findoutwhy找出原因⑳markonamap在地图上标出○21multipledeaths多人死亡○22housenumbers门牌号○23somehouseholds一些家庭○24suchas例如○25freebeer免费的啤酒○26suspectvt.怀疑○27betoblame对某事应负责任○28whatismore而且，此外○29dieof死于○30moveaway搬走○31havesth.done使某事被做○32asaresultof由于○33accordinglyadv.因此○34thehandleofthepump水泵的把手○35throughthisintervention通过这种干预○36inone'stracks立即○37moreoveradv.再者，此外，而且○38alinkbetween...and...……与……之间的联系○39watercompanies供水公司○40rawwaste未经处理的废物○41belikelytodo...很可能做某事○42getcholera得霍乱○43boiledwater白开水○44tirelessefforts不懈努力○45aroundtheworld全世界○46asubstantialdecrease大幅减少○47millionsofpeople数百万人○48preventcholera预防霍乱○49thanksto幸亏；由于○50statisticn．统计数字○51transformvt.改变○52forthisreason由于这个原因○53modernepidemiology现代流行病学原文呈现JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”Cholerausedto①beoneofthemostfeareddiseases②intheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome(1)．Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea③，dehydration，andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury，whenanoutbreakofcholera④hitEurope(2)，millionsofpeoplediedfrom⑤thedisease.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustrated⑥becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera(3)．Intime⑦，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedto⑧QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth⑨(4)．However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall⑩.(1)until引导时间状语从句，其中how...beovercome为宾语从句。(2)when引导时间状语从句。(3)because引导原因状语从句。(4)when引导时间状语从句。Ingeneral⑪，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories⑫toexplainhowcholeraspread(5)．Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease(6)．Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgerms⑬infoodorwater(7)．Snowsubscribedto⑭thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect，buthestillneededproof⑮.Consequently，whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854(8)，Snowbegantoinvestigate⑯.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraou