通用版2021届高考英语一轮复习第1讲基本知识和时态语态分类学案含解析

1Lesson1基本知识和时态语态分类问题层级图不明白语法基本知识点目标层级图掌握状语从句的解题方法及综合应用LV2识别?2课前诊断一.单项选择1.Jack________inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.A.worksB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldwork2.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,thersoundsattheendofthewords________.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped3.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.A.haven’tinventedB.haven’tbeeninventedC.hadn’tinventedD.hadn’tbeeninvented二．完成句子1.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI________(stay）inmanyworsehotels.2.Tom________(work）inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.3.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal________(get）cold.4.People________(have）betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasresult.5.Jack________(work）inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.10’M3课中讲解一.词性分类和句子成分LV21.词性词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。（1）名词noun/n.例如：student学生（2）代词pronoun/pron.例如：you你（3）形容词adjective/adj.例如：happy高兴的（4）副词adverb/adv.例如：quickly迅速地（5）动词verb/v.例如：cut砍、割（6）数词numeral/num.例如：three三（7）冠词article/art.例如：a一个（8）介词preposition/prep.例如：at在...（9）连词conjunction/conj.例如：and和（10）感叹词interjection/interj.例如：oh哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词2.句子成分（1）主语：执行句子的行为或动作的主体Iloveyou.Itisimportantforme.Tobeateacherismydream.Doingexercisebenefitsyourhealth.Whatweneediswater.Theblindcan’tseeanything.（2）谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”dowhat,“是什么”whatisthis或是“怎么样”how。谓语动词有行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词，行为动词包括及物动词和不及物动词。IwenttoschoolbybuswhenIwasachild.Thevasewasbroken.Iwouldbeabletoflyintheair.4（3）宾语：动作的承受者。Theroomneedscleaning.Weknowthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.sheclearedherthroat.（4）表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，放在系动词之后。系动词BeThedressisred.seem,appearItseemstobewrong.keep,stay,remainShekeepsstudyinghard.become,get,go,turnLeavesturnyellowinfall.look,sound,taste,smell,feelThesongsoundssweet.（5）定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。Thereisabeautifullady.Doyoufindanythinginteresting?（6）状语：动词的八个状态：时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度，修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。Iwenttoshoppingmallbycar.Lastweek,Iwenttothetheater.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Theyjumpedupwithjoy.Theytalkedhappily.（7）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的意义、状态等TheycallmeJack.Ifoundthebookinteresting.（8）同位语：一个名词(或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其5它形式）。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrothers'.（9）插入语：在一个句子中间插入一个成分，它不作句子的何种成分，也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系，同时既不起连接作用，也不表示语气。Thisproblem,Ithink,canbesolvedinthisway.3.五大基本句型（1）主谓：Icame.（2）主谓宾：Imissyoumuch.（3）主系表：Sheischarming.（4）主谓宾宾：Heboughtmeabook.（5）主谓宾宾补：TheycallmeIrene.【精讲精练】1.用横线划出下列句子的谓语动词（1）Thecaketastesdelicious.（2）OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.（3）Ifeltcold.（4）Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.2.判断下列句子属于五种基本句型的哪种（1）Thecatmeowedpitifully.（2）Thecatcaughtamouse.（3）Thecatlookedelegant.（4）Hefedthecatcannedfood.（5）Hecalledthecat“Fatty.”【小试牛刀】10’M61.挑出下列句中的宾语（1）Ipickupaflowerforher.（2）Youwillfindthemuseumontheleft.（3）ImarriedKristi.2.挑出下列句中的定语（1）Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!（2）Whatisyourgivenname?（3）Therewasabetterchance.（4）Severalstatesaremovingtotightenlaws.（5）Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.3.判断下列句子属于五种基本句型的哪种（1）Girlsloveflowers.（2）Taiwanisaneconomicpowerhouse.（3）Asnakecrawlsonitsbelly.（4）Theyfoundthenewhouseverycomfortable.（5）Theirfriendsoldthemthehouse二.时态的识记LV11.一般现在时（形式：主动do/does，被动am/is/aredone）（1）表示经常发生的习惯性的动作Thefather,aswellashisthreechildren,________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinterA.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing（2）表示客观事实或真理Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which________thePacific,andwemetnostorm.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled（3）火车/公共汽车/飞机/轮船/学校/商店/电影院等的时刻表7Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026________offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenDhastaken（4）主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现---I’dliketoborrowthisbook,butIcouldn’tfinditontheself.---Thebookhasbeencheckedout.I’llletyouknowassoonasit________.A.returnedB.willbereturnedC.isreturningD.isreturned2.一般过去时（形式：主动：did/were/was被动：was/weredone）表示发生在过去某一时间或过去常常反复的事情(1)Whatweusedtothink________impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenDwillbe(2)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were(3）---Whydidyouleavethatposition?---I_________abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered3.一般将来时（形式：主动willdo;am/is/aregoingtodo被动：willbedone;am/is/aregoingtobedone）（1）---HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?---Justfilloutthisformandwe_________whatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee（2）---Yourjob________openforyourreturn.---Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept4.现在完成时（形式：主动：have/hasdone被动：have/hasbeendone）(1)从过去的某个时间点出发一直发生到现在（并继续发生）的时间过程---________DavidandVicky________married?8---Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere…beingB.Howlonghave…gotC.Howlonghave…beenD.Howlongdid…get(2)从现在或未来的某个时间点出发一直回溯到过去某个时间点的时间过程Myfriend,who________ontheinternationalOlympiccommitteeallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved5.过去完成时（形式：主动：haddone被动：have/hasbeendone）由过去一个时间点再往前回溯的一个时间过程1.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I________forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know2.H