山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题

山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(A)ManyofusknowaboutRussia’sLakeBaikalfromourtextbooks,orbylisteningtoChinesesingerLiJian’shitsong,LakeBaikal.Butoverthepastdecade,theworld’sdeepestfreshwaterlakehasbeeninthespotlightforanextremesport.EachMarchsince2005,about150peoplefromaroundtheworldsignupfortheBaikalIceMarathon.Theycometoexplorethelake’sbreathtakingbeautyandchallengethemselvesinunpredictableconditions.The26-mile(41.84-kilometers)journeystartsonthelake’seasternshore.InMarch,theiceisameterthickandiron-hard.Runnerscrossthisfrozensurface,finishingonthewesternsideofthelake.Knownasthe“blueeyeofSiberia”,LakeBaikalhasexceptionallyclearwaters.Thismeansitsiceisalmostperfectlytransparent.“Seenfromabove,arunnerontheicelooksasifheorsheisjoggingthroughspace,”TheNewYorkTimesnoted.Thelandscapemightbebeautiful,butit’salsoharsh.Strongwindsblast(侵袭)acrossthelakeandfrostbite(冻伤)canoccurwithinhalfanhour.Runnerssaythecoldclimateiswhatdrawsthem.Theywanttotesttheirlimits.“Whenyouareinsuchanenvironment,youdon’thavecarsaroundyou,youdon’thavethenoisearound.Ithinktheseextremeracesallowyoutobealonewithnature,”AlicjaBarahona,a64-year-oldrunnerfromtheUS,toldABCNews.Thelocationofferssomestrangeanduniquecharacteristicsforthismarathon.Thefinishlineisvisiblefromthestart.Buttheendlesswhiteoffersnoprogressmarkers.Theracealsoendswithlittlefanfare(喧闹).Touristscrowdingtheicearemostlyaddictedtosnappingseries(自拍)andjustignoretherunners.Forsomerunners,theabsenceofspectatorsmakestheracemorechallenging,becauseit’slonely.Theymustfightwiththemselves.“YouarealoneonBaikal.Itisyourrace.Youarealonewithyourself.Allyouneedtodoistodefeatyourself,”VeroniqueMessina,aFrenchrunner,toldtheTelegraph.1.WhatcanweknowabouttheBaikalIceMarathonfromthetext?A.Ittakesrunnersfromthenorthernendtothesouthernendofthelake.B.Itinvolvesextremeweatherandbeautifulscenery.C.Itattractsmoreandmoreparticipantseachyear.D.Itisabout26kilometersinlength.2.HowdoestheBaikalIceMarathondifferfromothermarathons?A.Onlymenareallowedtoruninthisrace.B.Therunnerscanseethefinishlinefromthestart.C.Therunnersareoftendistractedbytourists.D.Therearemanyprogressmarkersontheice.3.WhatisthemostdifficultpartoftheraceforMessina?A.Loneliness.B.Thelongdistance.C.Thecoldclimate.D.Noisysurroundings.(B)In1972,asocialworkernamedSanjitBunkerRoyfoundedBarefootCollegeinTilonia,Rajasthan.Todaythecollegetrainswomenfromvillagesforsixmonthstobuildandmaintainsolarpanelsandotherinstruments.BarefootCollegealsoofferseducationtotheyoungergenerationbothduringthedayandatitssolarbridgeschoolsthatmeetbylamplightatnight.ThephilosophyofBarefootCollegeislargelyinspiredbytheprinciplesofGandhi,startingwithequalitybeyondcaste(种姓),genderorreligion.Asamatteroffact,womenareprioritized(优先考虑)asanunderservedpopulationthatisessentialtobringingvillagestogether.Anothercentralprincipleofthecollegeisself-reliance,teachingstudentstosupportandthinkforthemselves.Afterthecollege’sfemalestudentshavecompletedtheirhalf-yearoftraining,theyreturntotheirvillageswheretheywaitforsolarpanelpartstoarrivefromthecollege.Oncetheyhaveallthepiecestheyneed,theyconstructthepanelsandbegincollectingsolarenergy.Foreachvillage,thecollegealsoprovidessolarlamps.Villagerscan,inaddition,orderpartsforothersolar-powereddevices,suchaswaterheatersandcookingstoves.Onceassembled,theyandthelampsarepoweredbythesolarpanels.Theeffectonthevillagesishuge.Beforethesolarpanelsandlampsarrived,villagershadonlycandlestolighttheirhomes.Thispreventedadultsfromdoingseriousworkatnight,anditmadestudyingdifficultforchildrenaswell.Asforphysicians,theyhaddifficultytreatingpatientsandperformingoperationsatnightbecausetheyhadtorelyonflashlights.Nowthereispowerfornotonlytheelectricalappliancesthatthecollegeprovidesbutalsodevicesliketelevisions,radiosandcomputers.Forthefirsttime,thevillagerscanevenconnecttotheworldthroughtheInternet.4.Whatdoesthistextexplainaboutthecollege?A.Howitaccomplishesitsgoals.B.Howitsglobaleffortsarefunded.C.Howitsfounderhiresemployees.D.Howitworkswiththegovernment.5.Whichideaiscommunicatedbythecollegetowomen?A.Theyshouldbemoreinvolvedinpolitics.B.Theydon’thavetodependonothers.C.Theyaren’teducatingtheirdaughtersenough.D.Theyfocustoomuchontheircommunities.6.Whichroledothewomenplayaftertheyreturntotheirvillages?A.They’remerchants.B.They’recomposers.C.They’retechnicians.D.They’rejournalists.7.Inthepast,whatwashardtoprovideinvillagesafterdark?A.DryshelterB.CleanwaterC.MedicalcareD.Foodsupplies(C)Imagineyouareopeningyourowncompanyandwanttohireamanager.Youhavetwocandidatesandtheyarebothcapableandexperienced,sowhowouldyouratherhire:JuliaWatsonorShobhaBhattacharva?ChancesarethatyouwouldpreferWatson,right?Butwhy?“Easynamesareevaluatedasmorefamiliar,lessriskyandlessdangerous,”ErynNewman,ascientistatVictoriaUniversityofWellington,NewZealand,toldScientificAmerican.Asaresult,peoplewitheasiernamesareoftenassumedtobemoretrustworthy.ThisiswhatNewmanandherteammateshavefoundintheirrecentstudy.Intheexperiment,theypicked18differentforeignnames,includingdiffic