山西省临汾第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期中试题

临汾一中2018-2019学年度高二年级第二学期期中考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分，考试时间100分钟。第I卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)AReusablestrawwithcleaner&caseThisstainlesssteelstrawisagoodproducttoreplacesingle-usestraws.Thestrawfoldsintofour,meaningyoucancarryitinyourpocket.It’salsoeasytoclean,thankstothesuppliedbrush.Youcangetitnowforjust$24.99,that’s50%off.AduroHomedomeSmartOutlet（插座）Thisnewproductfitsinanyoutletandallowsyoutocontrolthepowersupplythroughyourphone.Thismeansyoucancutyourenergyuse,fromlightstoheaters.TheAduroisnow60%offatjust$19.99.OmegaAXLInklessPenMillionsofballpointsaremadeandthrownawayeachyear.TheOmegaAXLisagreenreplacement---thisamazingpenputsdownperfectlinesusingaspecialkindofaluminium.Itneverrunsoutandyourdrawingswillalwaysstayclearandtidy.Worth$39.99,theOmegapenisnowdiscountedto$29.99.AltgalleychopsticksDisposablechopsticksareanotherexampleofunnecessarywaste.TheAltgalleychopsticksarebetterfortheplanet,andtheywon’taffectthetasteofyourdish.Inaddition,theyarespeciallydesignedsotheywillstandupright.Thismakessurethatthechopsticksstayclearofrestaurant-tabledirt.Youcangetapairnowfor$11.99,saving33percentontheusualprice.1.Whichproductoffersthehighestdiscount?A.Reusablestraw.B.Altgalleychopsticks.C.OmegaAXLInklessPen.D.AduroHomeDomeSmartOutlet.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheOmegaAXLInklessPen?A.Itcanbeusedforaverylongtime.B.Itisakindofballpointpen.C.Itcanbeeasilyerased.D.Itcanstandupright.3.Whatdothefourproductshaveincommon?A.Theycanbeconnectedtosmartphones.B.Theyarewidelypopularwithfamilies.C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Theyareeasytocarryandclean.BSimpsonis53,“notsporty”andhassufferedfromasthmaallherlife.TwoyearsagohersonJay,now10,tookupBMX(自行车越野赛).“IenjoyedwatchinghimandthoughtI’dliketotryit,”Simpsonrecalls.“ButIdidn’twanttoembarrassmyself.Ihadn’triddenforover40years.”ThenshenoticedasessionforwomenandgirlsatBurgessParkBMXTrackinPeckham,south-eastLondon,whereJaytrained.ThisseasonSimpsonracedattheLondonBMXseriesandfinishedthirdinhercategory.“Itwasthemostworryingexperienceofmylife.Butitwasalsoexhilarating,”shesayscheerfully.“Mysonisproudofme.Wenowsharearealloveforthesport.Ithasbroughtusclosertogether.”SincebecomingpartoftheOlympicGamesin2008,thepopularityofBMXhasrisen.AprogramintroducedinLondonin2011bythesportsdevelopmentcharityAccessSporthasseentracksbuiltinseveralLondonregions,backedupwithinvestmentincoaching,andtheprogramisbeingrolledouttoBristol.Wright’schildrenSkye,11andXander,10aresponsoredriderswhohaverepresentedGreatBritainineveryworldchampionshipsince2014.WrightsaysshewasmotivatedtostartBMXherselfoutofaninterestarousedbywatchingsomuchofit.“It’saneye-openertoshareyourchildren’sinterests,”sheexplains.“Youcomprehendwhattheygothroughinamuchmoredirectway.Itaddsanotherdimensiontoyourrelationship.”Itisalsoahigh-impactsportandtherisksarefairlyobvious.“Itotallygetthefear,”saysEmma,51,aBMXexercisecoachandcyclinginstructor.“It’sthefearofdoingsomethingnew,ofgettinghurt.ButIsay‘Comeandgiveitatry.’Thechanceofhavinganaccidentisslim,andyoucanspendtimeontheflattoimproveyourconfidence.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSimpsonfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shetendedtobeinactive.B.Sheperformedpoorlyintherace.C.Sheusedtofeelawkwardinpublic.D.ShetrainedatBurgessParkBMXTrack.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilarating”inParagraph3mean?A.Annoying.B.Convincing.C.Thrilling.D.Challenging.6.WhatbenefitdidSimpsonandWrightgetfromBMX?A.Morelifeskills.B.Strongerwill.C.Moreconfidenceinthemselves.D.Betterparent-childrelationship.7.WhatdoesEmmathinkofBMX?A.Riskybutactuallysecure.B.Demandingbutopentoall.C.Competitivebutinstructive.D.Pleasantbuttime-consuming.CFashionshavealotofrules.Mostofthem,however,arejustwrong.Butthere’sonerulethatgoesbeyondtraditionandintothefieldofscientificstudyofthebrain:Blackclothesareslimming.Itallcomesdowntohowyourvisualsystemprocessesthelight.Thebelowholesineachsquarearethesameinsize,yetthewhiteholelooksbiggerthantheblackhole.Inthe1500s,GalileoGalileinoticedthatsomeoftheplanetslookedlargerwhenviewedwiththenakedeyethantheydidwhenviewedthroughatelescope,makingthewhitelightofVenusappeareighttotentimeslargerthanJupiterinthenightsky.Heknewsomethingstrangemustbegoingonwithhisvisiontocausethisillusion,buthewasn’tsurewhatitwas.Luckily,scientistsneverstoppedwondering,andin2014,theyfigureditout.Ourvisualsystemoperatesviatwomainchannels:“on”neurons(神经元)thataresensitivetolightthingsand“off”neuronsthataresensitivetodarkthings.Whenitcametothedark“off”neurons,theresearchersfoundthattheyrespondedpredictablytodarkshapesonalightbackgroundthegreaterthecontrastbetweenthetwo,themoreactivetheseneuronswere.Butthelighton”neuronsbehavedunpredictably.Evenwiththesameamountofcontrast,lightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcausedagreaterresponseintheseneurons.Thisphenomenonmakessomesense,evolutionarilyspeaking.Inthedarkofnight,you’dwanttobeabletotakeineverybitoflightyoucanget,soavisualsystemthatenlargeslightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcouldbeveryuseful.However,it’snotthathardtoseedarkobjectsinthelightofday.Ithassomeeffectsinthecolorsofyourclothesandintheappearan