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第七讲高考真题再现1.(2019•新课标Ⅲ)已知各项均为正数的等比数列{an}的前4项和为15,且a5=3a3+4a1,则a3=()A.16B.8C.4D.2【答案】C【解析】设等比数列{an}的公比为q(q>0),则由前4项和为15,且a5=3a3+4a1,有,∴,∴,2.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和.已知S4=0,a5=5,则()A.an=2n﹣5B.an=3n﹣10C.Sn=2n2﹣8nD.Sn=n2﹣2n【答案】A【解析】设等差数列{an}的公差为d,由S4=0,a5=5,得,∴,∴an=2n﹣5,,3.(2018•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和.若3S3=S2+S4,a1=2,则a5=()A.﹣12B.﹣10C.10D.12【答案】B【解析】∵Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和,3S3=S2+S4,a1=2,∴=a1+a1+d+4a1+d,把a1=2,代入得d=﹣3∴a5=2+4×(﹣3)=﹣10.故选:B.4.(2017•新课标Ⅱ)我国古代数学名著《算法统宗》中有如下问题:“远看巍巍塔七层,红光点点倍加增,共灯三百八十一,请问尖头几盏灯?”意思是:一座7层塔共挂了381盏灯,且相邻两层中的下一层灯数是上一层灯数的2倍,则塔的顶层共有灯()A.1盏B.3盏C.5盏D.9盏【答案】B【解析】设塔顶的a1盏灯,由题意{an}是公比为2的等比数列,∴S7==381,解得a1=3.故选:B.5.(2017•新课标Ⅰ)几位大学生响应国家的创业号召,开发了一款应用软件.为激发大家学习数学的兴趣,他们推出了“解数学题获取软件激活码”的活动.这款软件的激活码为下面数学问题的答案:已知数列1,1,2,1,2,4,1,2,4,8,1,2,4,8,16,…,其中第一项是20,接下来的两项是20,21,再接下来的三项是20,21,22,依此类推.求满足如下条件的最小整数N:N>100且该数列的前N项和为2的整数幂.那么该款软件的激活码是()A.440B.330C.220D.110【答案】A【解析】设该数列为{an},设bn=+…+=2n+1﹣1,(n∈N+),则=ai,由题意可设数列{an}的前N项和为SN,数列{bn}的前n项和为Tn,则Tn=21﹣1+22﹣1+…+2n+1﹣1=2n+1﹣n﹣2,可知当N为时(n∈N+),数列{an}的前N项和为数列{bn}的前n项和,即为2n+1﹣n﹣2,容易得到N>100时,n≥14,A项,由=435,440=435+5,可知S440=T29+b5=230﹣29﹣2+25﹣1=230,故A项符合题意.B项,仿上可知=325,可知S330=T25+b5=226﹣25﹣2+25﹣1=226+4,显然不为2的整数幂,故B项不符合题意.C项,仿上可知=210,可知S220=T20+b10=221﹣20﹣2+210﹣1=221+210﹣23,显然不为2的整数幂,故C项不符合题意.D项,仿上可知=105,可知S110=T14+b5=215﹣14﹣2+25﹣1=215+15,显然不为2的整数幂,故D项不符合题意.故选A.方法二:由题意可知:,,,…,根据等比数列前n项和公式,求得每项和分别为:21﹣1,22﹣1,23﹣1,…,2n﹣1,每项含有的项数为:1,2,3,…,n,总共的项数为N=1+2+3+…+n=,所有项数的和为Sn:21﹣1+22﹣1+23﹣1+…+2n﹣1=(21+22+23+…+2n)﹣n=﹣n=2n+1﹣2﹣n,由题意可知:2n+1为2的整数幂.只需将﹣2﹣n消去即可,则①1+2+(﹣2﹣n)=0,解得:n=1,总共有+2=3,不满足N>100,②1+2+4+(﹣2﹣n)=0,解得:n=5,总共有+3=18,不满足N>100,③1+2+4+8+(﹣2﹣n)=0,解得:n=13,总共有+4=95,不满足N>100,④1+2+4+8+16+(﹣2﹣n)=0,解得:n=29,总共有+5=440,满足N>100,∴该款软件的激活码440.故选:A.6.(2017•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和.若a4+a5=24,S6=48,则{an}的公差为()A.1B.2C.4D.8【答案】C【解析】∵Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和,a4+a5=24,S6=48,∴,解得a1=﹣2,d=4,∴{an}的公差为4.7.(2017•新课标Ⅲ)等差数列{an}的首项为1,公差不为0.若a2,a3,a6成等比数列,则{an}前6项的和为()A.﹣24B.﹣3C.3D.8【答案】A【解析】∵等差数列{an}的首项为1,公差不为0.a2,a3,a6成等比数列,∴,∴(a1+2d)2=(a1+d)(a1+5d),且a1=1,d≠0,解得d=﹣2,∴{an}前6项的和为==﹣24.故选:A.8.(2016•新课标Ⅲ)定义“规范01数列”{an}如下:{an}共有2m项,其中m项为0,m项为1,且对任意k≤2m,a1,a2,…,ak中0的个数不少于1的个数,若m=4,则不同的“规范01数列”共有()A.18个B.16个C.14个D.12个【答案】C【解析】由题意可知,“规范01数列”有偶数项2m项,且所含0与1的个数相等,首项为0,末项为1,若m=4,说明数列有8项,满足条件的数列有:0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1;0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1;0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1;0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1;0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1;0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1;0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1;0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1;0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1;0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1;0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1;0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1;0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1;0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1.共14个.故选:C.9.(2016•新课标Ⅰ)已知等差数列{an}前9项的和为27,a10=8,则a100=()A.100B.99C.98D.97【答案】C【解析】∵等差数列{an}前9项的和为27,S9===9a5.∴9a5=27,a5=3,又∵a10=8,∴d=1,∴a100=a5+95d=98,故选:C.10.(2015•新课标Ⅰ)已知{an}是公差为1的等差数列,Sn为{an}的前n项和,若S8=4S4,则a10=()A.B.C.10D.12【答案】B【解析】∵{an}是公差为1的等差数列,S8=4S4,∴8a1+×1=4×(4a1+),解得a1=.则a10=+9×1=.故选:B.11.(2015•新课标Ⅱ)已知Sn是等差数列{an}的前n项和,若a1+a3+a5=3,则S5=()A.5B.7C.9D.11【答案】A【解析】由等差数列{an}的性质,a1+a3+a5=3=3a3,解得a3=1.则S5==5a3=5.故选:A.12.(2015•新课标Ⅱ)已知等比数列{an}满足a1=3,a1+a3+a5=21,则a3+a5+a7=()A.21B.42C.63D.84【答案】B【解析】∵a1=3,a1+a3+a5=21,∴,∴q4+q2+1=7,∴q4+q2﹣6=0,∴q2=2,∴a3+a5+a7==3×(2+4+8)=42.故选:B.13.(2015•新课标Ⅱ)已知等比数列{an}满足a1=,a3a5=4(a4﹣1),则a2=()A.2B.1C.D.【答案】C【解析】设等比数列{an}的公比为q,∵,a3a5=4(a4﹣1),∴=4,化为q3=8,解得q=2则a2==.故选:C.14.(2014•新课标Ⅱ)等差数列{an}的公差为2,若a2,a4,a8成等比数列,则{an}的前n项和Sn=()A.n(n+1)B.n(n﹣1)C.D.【答案】A【解析】由题意可得a42=a2•a8,即a42=(a4﹣4)(a4+8),解得a4=8,∴a1=a4﹣3×2=2,∴Sn=na1+d,=2n+×2=n(n+1),故选:A.15.(2019•新课标Ⅲ)记Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和.若a3=5,a7=13,则S10=.【答案】100【解析】在等差数列{an}中,由a3=5,a7=13,得d=,∴a1=a3﹣2d=5﹣4=1.则.故答案为:100.16.(2019•新课标Ⅲ)记Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和.若a1≠0,a2=3a1,则=.【答案】4【解析】设等差数列{an}的公差为d,则由a1≠0,a2=3a1可得,d=2a1,∴==,故答案为:4.17.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为等比数列{an}的前n项和.若a1=1,S3=,则S4=.【答案】【解析】∵等比数列{an}的前n项和,a1=1,S3=,∴q≠1,=,整理可得,,解可得,q=﹣,则S4===.故答案为:18.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为等比数列{an}的前n项和.若a1=,a42=a6,则S5=.【答案】【解析】在等比数列中,由a42=a6,得q6a12=q5a1>0,即q>0,q=3,则S5==,故答案为:19.(2018•新课标Ⅰ)记Sn为数列{an}的前n项和.若Sn=2an+1,则S6=.【答案】-63【解析】解:Sn为数列{an}的前n项和,Sn=2an+1,①当n=1时,a1=2a1+1,解得a1=﹣1,当n≥2时,Sn﹣1=2an﹣1+1,②,由①﹣②可得an=2an﹣2an﹣1,∴an=2an﹣1,∴{an}是以﹣1为首项,以2为公比的等比数列,∴S6==﹣63,故答案为:﹣6320.(2017•新课标Ⅱ)等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a3=3,S4=10,则=.【答案】【解析】等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a3=3,S4=10,S4=2(a2+a3)=10,可得a2=2,数列的首项为1,公差为1,Sn=,=,则=2[1﹣++…+]=2(1﹣)=.故答案为:.21.(2017•新课标Ⅲ)设等比数列{an}满足a1+a2=﹣1,a1﹣a3=﹣3,则a4=.【答案】-8【解析】设等比数列{an}的公比为q,∵a1+a2=﹣1,a1﹣a3=﹣3,∴a1(1+q)=﹣1,a1(1﹣q2)=﹣3,解得a1=1,q=﹣2.则a4=(﹣2)3=﹣8.故答案为:﹣8.22.(2016•新课标Ⅰ)设等比数列{an}满足a1+a3=10,a2+a4=5,则a1a2…an的最大值为.【答案】64【解析】等比数列{an}满足a1+a3=10,a2+a4=5,可得q(a1+a3)=5,解得q=.a1+q2a1=10,解得a1=8.则a1a2…an=a1n•q1+2+3+…+(n﹣1)=8n•==,当n=3或4时,表达式取得最大值:=26=64.故答案为:64.23.(2015•新课标Ⅱ)设数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且a1=﹣1,an+1=Sn+1Sn,则Sn=.【答案】﹣【解析】∵an+1=Sn+1Sn,∴Sn+1﹣Sn=Sn+1Sn,∴﹣=1,又∵a1=﹣1,即=﹣1,∴数列{}是以首项是﹣1、公差为﹣1的等差数列,∴=﹣n,∴Sn=﹣,故答案为:﹣.24.(2015•新课标Ⅰ)在数列{an}中,a1=2,an+1=2an,Sn为{an}的前n项和,若Sn=126,则n=.【答案】6【解析】∵an+1=2an,∴,∵a1=2,∴数列{an}是a1=2为首项,以2为公比的等比数列,∴Sn===2n+1﹣2=126,∴2n+1=128,∴n+1=7,∴n=6.故答案为:625.(2014•新课标Ⅱ)数列{an}满足an+1=,a8=2,则a1=.【答案】【解析】由题意得,an+1=,a8=2,令n=7代入上式得,a8=,解得a7=;令n=6代入得,a7=,解得a6=﹣1;令n=5代入得,a6=,解得a5=2;…根据以上结果发现,求得结果按2,,﹣1循环,∵8÷3=2…2,故a1=故答案为:.26.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)为治疗某种疾病,研制了甲、乙两种新药,希望知道哪种新药更有效,为此进行动物试验.试验方案如下:每一轮选取两只白鼠对药效进行对比试验.对于两只白鼠,随机选一只
本文标题:2020年高考数学一轮复习 专题4.7 真题再现练习(含解析)
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