（江苏专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测（二十五）阅读理解D篇专练（三）

专题限时检测(二十五)阅读理解D篇专练(三)(共2篇，限时20分钟)A(2019·南通七市二模)UNscholarshavecalculatedthatwithinthenext10yearsthedegradation(退化)offarmandgrasslandcouldturn50millionpeopleintomigrants.AnotherUNagencycalculatedthatinthelast25years,another3%oftheplanet'sforestshadbeenburnedorcutdown.OnceyouhavereadGaiaVince'sbook,youstarttoregisterthescaleofchangeinafastchangingworld.AdventuresintheAnthropoceneholdsamirroruptohumanityandsays:lookwhatyouhavedonetotheworld,theonlyworldyouwilleverhave.TheAnthropocene—theAgeofMan—isaproposednewnameforthequaternary(第四纪)periodthatwenowlivein,anditincludeswhathascometobecalledtheGreatAcceleration,inwhichduringthelast65years,whateverhumansdid,theydiditfasterandmoreeffectively,andonagreaterscale,while_at_the_same_time_reproducing_more_and_dying_much_less.Didittake50,000yearstoreachapopulationofonebillion?Justinthelast10years,anotherbillionpeopleappearedontheplanet,andbytheendofthiscentury,itcouldbehometo9,or10,or11billionsouls,eachofwhichwillhopefortheminimumtosustainhealthandcontentment.Manyofthemwilldemandalotmore,whichiswheretheproblemsbegin.Tobuildcities,pavehighwaysandestablishfactories,humansdecadesagobecamethegreatestearthmovingforceontheplanet:theyeachyearshiftmorerockandsoilthanthewindandtherain,theriversandtheglaciers(冰川)combined.Citiesnowcover2%oftheplanet'sland:by2030,thiswillbe10%.Overthenext80years,thespecieswillbuildacityforonemillionpeopleevery10days.Tokeepthesecitiesfunctioning,humanswillconsume18terawattsofenergyandby2020,around5billionofthemwillhavesmartphones,andInternetaccess,andalreadypeoplewhoaremiserablypoorcansee,atafinger'stouch,whattheyaremissing,andwantitforthemselves,andinthecourseoftryingtogetit,consumemoreresourcesandcausedestructiontotheecosystem.Anyonewhoreadsthisbookwillhavenoexcusefornotthinkingaboutit.Vincedoesn'tjustcollectthestatisticsofexploitationanddestruction,shegoestoseeforherselfwhattheymean.Likeagoodreporter,shetriestoseebothsides:sheexploresboththehumandestructionandthebeneficialandsometimesamazingsolutionsthathumanwisdomcandeliver.Shedoesthelegworktoo:sheclimbsupsteepmountainsidesinNepal,andinLadakh,looksathydroelectricplansinPatagonia,walksthroughtheforesttogetclosertoatiger,stepsoutintheslumsnearCartagenainColombia,andslipsdownanAmazontributaryinadugout.Everywhereintheworld,theiceisdisappearing,butinLadakh,anengineerhasworkedoutawaytomakeartificialglacierstostorethewaterforsummergrowth,andindoingsohasgiventhevillagersnotjustsecuritybutanewkindofhope.Ineverychapter,thereareexcellentstorieslikethis,glimpses(一瞥)oftheotherworldthatperhapswecouldhavemadeforourselves.Necessarily,togetaroundatopicthatinvolvesallhumanhistoryandallgeographytoo,shehastobebrief,andsoineverychapter,sheleavesyouwantingmore.Thisisusuallyconsideredtobeagoodthing.Goodornot,itisdifficulttosee.Andifshehelpsreadersunderstandalittlebetterthelossandsufferingliesbehindtheexploitationoftherareearths,thenitbecomesineverysenseagoodbook.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了GaiaVince的一本名叫AdventuresintheAnthropocene的书。1．Thestatisticsinthefirstparagrapharemeantto________.A．ridpeopleoftheirconcernsabouttheearthB．stressthegravityofthedestructionoftheearthC．clarifypeople'smisunderstandingsoftheearthD．warnpeopleofthecontradictoryreportsabouttheearth解析：选B推理判断题。根据关键词“thedegradation(退化)offarmandgrassland”和“planet'sforestshadbeenburnedorcutdown”可知目前地球在遭受着极大的破坏。因此作者写该段旨在强调地球被破坏的严重性。gravity意思是“严重性”。2．TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A．moretreeswereplantedandfewerofthemdiedB．peopleproducedmuchmorethantheyconsumedC．thebirthratewashigherandthedeathratewaslowerD．moreanimalswereraisedandthesurvivalratewashigher解析：选C句意理解题。根据这句话前面的句子的内容可知在过去的65年中人类处于一个加速度的时代，无论哪个方面人类都比以往发展的速度更快，效率更高，规模更大，同时人口繁殖更多，死亡更少。3．Accordingtotheauthor,theconstructionofcitiesandinfrastructureswill________.A．createmorejobopportunitiesforcitizensB．narrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoorC．promoteglobalizationandeconomicdevelopmentD．causeoverconsumptionandecologicaldestruction解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知为了维持这些城市的运转，人类将消耗很多的能源。借助于网络和智能手机贫困地区的人只要用手指一触，就可以看到他们所缺的东西，并且在努力获得这些东西的过程中，消耗更多的资源。原文中“...consumemoreresourcesandcausedestructiontotheecosystem”对应答案中的“overconsumption”和“ecologicaldestruction”。4．Whydoesthebooksetpeoplethinking?A．Vince'sownexplorationmadeherdescriptionpersuasive.B．Vince'sadventuresprovideinformationaboutmysteries.C．Thebookcontainssomepracticalsolutionsfromreporters.D．Thebookarousespeople'scuriosityaboutsomecountries.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第六段的第一、二句“Anyonewhoreadsthisbookwillhavenoexcusefornotthinkingaboutit.Vincedoesn'tjustcollectthestatisticsofexploitationanddestruction,shegoestoseeforherselfwhattheymean.”，任何读过这本书的人都没有理由不去想它。文斯不仅收集开采和破坏的统计数据，她还亲自去看看它们的含义。由此可见她的亲力亲为让她的书使人信服。5．GaiaVincewritesthebookto________.A．justifytheneedofhumansforasatisfyinglifeB．advocateuncivilisedlifeandfastdevelopmentC．sharewiththereadersheradventuresacrosstheworldD．revealallwehavedestroyedbutmayyetbeabletosave解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“Likeagoodreporter,shetriestoseebothsides:sheexploresboththehumandestructionandthebeneficialandsometimesamazingsolutionsthathumanwisdomcandeliver.”像一位优秀