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第二部分语法精析专题一语法填空与短文改错题型一关于非谓语动词的语法填空题型二关于非谓语动词的短文改错第二节非谓语动词增分训练[考向分析]热考点语法填空主要考查作宾语、状语、宾补及定语;非谓语作主语一般不直接考查,而是结合主谓一致考查。短文改错考查基本用法:介词后用v.-ing;todo作宾补;v.-ing作状语;形容词化的v.-ing和v.-ed的区别。新考向2019高考全国卷加强了对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的考查。PART1题型一关于非谓语动词的语法填空1.Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.(2019·全国Ⅰ)noting解析考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用v.-ing形式作宾语,故填noting。考点一非谓语动词作宾语识别关键词高效得分全hold住2.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.(2019·全国Ⅱ)being解析考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用v.-ing形式作宾语,故填being。3.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant(wear)theuniform.(2019·浙江)towear解析考查非谓语动词。want后加不定式作宾语,构成wanttodosth.“想要做某事”。故填towear。4.Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.(2018·浙江)visiting解析考查动名词作宾语。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事。5.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.(2018·全国Ⅰ)dying解析考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式,故填dying。6.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.(2018·全国Ⅲ)looking解析考查非谓语动词。avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。7.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全国Ⅰ)eating解析考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by后接动名词作宾语。故填eating。8.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全国Ⅱ)laying解析考查非谓语动词。included后的dig,lay,build是三个并列的动作,根据digging及building可知,lay也应用动名词形式。9.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)toprove解析考查固定搭配。wanttodosth.想要做某事,为固定搭配。[技法指导]1.介词后跟v.-ing构成介宾结构:by/of/from/with/without/after等。2.需加v.-ing作宾语的动词(词组):avoid,enjoy,finish,admit,consider,escape,advise,suggest,mind,include,keep,recommend,practice,imagine,dreamof,setabout等。3.to为介词的短语:be/get/becomeusedtodoing习惯于beaccustomedtodoing习惯于beaddictedtodoing沉溺于;对……上瘾beopposedtodoing反对objecttodoing反对devoteoneselfto献身于;专心于bedevotedto致力于;忠诚于beadmittedto被……录取;准许进入leadtodoing导致contributetodoing贡献;导致;促进lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事sticktodoingsth.坚持做某事beequaltosth.胜任做某事haveaccessto有接近(某物的)方法attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.重视做某事getdowntodoingsth.开始做某事thekey/approachtodoingsth.做某事的关键/方法whenitcomesto当谈到4.需加todo作宾语的动词:agree,afford,attempt,choose,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。接todo与v.-ing含义有区别的动词:①trytodosth.尽力做某事/trydoingsth.试着去做某事②meantodosth.打算去做某事/meandoingsth.意味着做某事③regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事/regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事④remembertodosth.记得要去做某事/rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事⑤forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事/forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事⑥stoptodosth.停下去做别的事/stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事⑦goontodosth.接着做另外的事/goondoingsth.继续做原来的事⑧can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事/havenochoicebuttodosth.别无选择只能做某事解析考查不定式作定语。此处用todosth.作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填toretire。1.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全国Ⅱ)toretire考点二非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语2.Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)saying解析考查非谓语动词。动词say与其逻辑主语acall之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作后置定语,故填saying。3.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)listening解析考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“wereinvited”,所以listen应用非谓语动词形式。we与listento之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后的meetinginterestinglocals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。4.Nervously(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.(2019·北京)facing解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语,非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,主语I与动词face之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。5.EarthDay,(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京)marked解析考查非谓语动词。句意为:地球日即4月22日,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。根据句意以及句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作定语;动词mark与EarthDay之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。6.(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019·江苏)Toenjoy解析考查非谓语动词。句意为:为了享受电子支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用不定式作目的状语。故选A。7.China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_______________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.(2019·江苏)recognizing解析考查with复合结构。分析句子可知,此处是with复合结构,动词recognize与其逻辑主语countries之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。8.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile_______(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.(2018·全国Ⅱ)feeding解析考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系,所以用“连词+现在分词”形式作状语。9.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme______(stay)andwatch.(2018·全国Ⅲ)tostay解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事,为固定搭配。10.Ordinarysoap,____(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)used解析因为句子中已有谓语动词,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系,因此应用过去分词,即过去分词作状语,usedcorrectly相当于ifitisusedcorrectly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为:普通的肥皂,如果使用得当,可以有效地清除细菌。11.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).(2018·天津)taken解析句意为:我需要一个新护照,因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查havesth.done结构,意为“让别人做某事,让……被做”。myphotograph与take之间是被动关系,故需用take的过去分词形式。12.Theyarerequired__________(process)thefoodthatwe
本文标题:2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题一 语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第二节 非谓语动词课件
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