英语语法代词

Pronouns代词代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns人称代词PersonalPronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyourthem1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语*Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.这字典是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。*Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属*Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友反身代词SelfPronouns单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语*Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。*Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。*Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。*Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.不定代词IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词★all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no★由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any★some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.★any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？*MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？*CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？*Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？2.many/much★many修饰或指代复数名词*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.★much修饰或指代不可数名词*Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.3.another/other★another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个*Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.★other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的*Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theothers★theother1.特指两个中的另一个*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.★others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.*Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.★theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittle★few/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词★few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”*Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住。*Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生。*IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语。*Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。★few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a*Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书。6.every/each★every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用*Everychildlikesplayinggames.★each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/none★all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.★none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neither★both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.★neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Neitheranswerisright.★either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置*Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.*Isthereanythingelseinthebox?*Nobodycananswerthequestion.指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*Thisismyshirt,that’syours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语*Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\*Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\*WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\*What’syourfather?\做表语\