（山东专用）2020版高考英语一轮复习 第三部分 写作 第10讲 开头和结尾在写作中的应用课件 外研

第10讲开头和结尾在写作中的应用一、魔法导航引人入胜的开头(凤头)是写作成功的保障,而回味无穷的结尾(豹尾)可以为文章锦上添花。因此,熟练掌握恰当的开头和结尾方式对提升作文品质至关重要。(一)记叙文的常用开头和结尾法常用开头法1.情景铺垫法:在文章的开头先把人物、事件和环境交代清楚。LastTuesday,ourclassinvitedanoldcraftsmantoteachushowtomakedoughfigurines.2.环境衬托法:在文章开头利用自然景物或社会环境引出要介绍的事物或谈论的话题。Graduationfinallycame.MyclassmatesandIdecidedtodosomething.3.回忆引题法:通过回忆的方法引入文章要表达的主题。Howtimeflies!ItistwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolandyouaregoingtoreturntoEnglandsoon.常用结尾法1.隐含式:用含蓄的手法间接地表达作者的情感或看法,让读者自己意会或思索。Grandpaandthechildrenwereveryhappytoseethebirdflyingawayinthesky.2.抒情式:直抒胸臆,表达自己的看法或情感。I'mconfidentthatI'llliveuptotheexpectationofmyfuture.3.点题式:总结全文,进一步升华主题。FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth.(二)说明文的常用开头和结尾法常用开头法1.开篇点题法:一开头就点明文章要介绍的事物。Everyonehashisfavoriteseasonwhilespringismyfavorite.(2016四川卷)2.问题引入法:在文章的开头用提问题的方法引出文章涉及的内容。Whatshouldpeoplereallydotoencouragetheirkidstoconcentratetheirtimeandenergyonstudyinglessonsanddoingwell?3.引用数据法:利用数据引出要说明的问题或谈论的主题。Thebox-officeincomeofChinesemovieswitnessedaconstantincreasefromabout17billionyuanin2012toover40billionin2015.However,thatincreasesloweddownin2016.常用结尾法结论式:总结说明的事物,进一步说明其特征、影响、意义等。Inconclusion,thetruefriendshipmeansalottome,whichcontributestomyrecoveryaswellashelpsmesucceedinstudy.(三)议论文的常用开头和结尾法常用开头法1.点明主旨法:提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐述的主题。ThepersonIwouldliketointerviewisYangLiwei.2.列举实例/现象法:通过实例或现象引出要谈论的话题。Thephenomenonof“Myfriendfalls,Ilaugh;myphonefalls,Icry.”sometimesexistsaroundus.常用结尾法1.概括式:用一句或几句话概括全文内容,进一步深化主题或强调作者的观点。So,it'ssafetoconcludethatitisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitatesdailycommunication.2.引用式:引用格言、谚语或习语总结全文。Asaproverbgoes,“Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.”Successisnoteasy,sowhateverfailuresweexperience,weshouldbelieveinourselvesandkeeptrying.3.展望或呼吁式:在文章的结尾表示对未来的展望或期待,希望或呼吁人们投入行动。Therefore,itsbox-officeincomewillprobablyenjoyaslightincrease.二、学以致用1.完美文章根据文章内容给下面短文写一个恰当的开头和结尾。Howtokeephealthy文章开头:Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreandmorepeoplearepayingattentiontotheirhealth.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyoukeephealthy.Tobeginwith,yououghttokeepupagoodstateofmind,whichisofgreatbenefittoreducingpressureandfightingagainstdiseases.Inaddition,it’sagoodideatokeepabalanceddiet,whichshouldincludeenergy-givingfoodsandbody-buildingfoods.Lastbutnotleast,notonlyshouldyouhaveenoughsleepandrest,butalsoyoushoulddoexerciseregularly.Inthisway,youcanbuildupyourbodyaswellasensureyouworkwell.文章结尾:Inconclusion,solongasyouformgoodlifehabitsandeathealthyfoods,youcanliveahealthyandhappylife.2.话题写作【本期话题】文化交流【写作微练】请根据下面的提示,写一篇80词左右的英语短文。1.不同文化背景的人打招呼的方式各不相同;2.有的拥抱,有的握手,有时甚至引起误会;3.为了能更好地交流,要了解一些不同国家的文化习俗;4.身处异国时,我们要入乡随俗,不要给国家丢脸。注意:给出恰当的文章开头和结尾。答案Onepossibleversion:Generallyspeaking,peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentwaystogreeteachother.Whenmeetingeachother,somehug,someshakehands,andsometimestheyarelikelytocausemisunderstanding.Thus,inordertocomm-unicatewellwithforeigners,weshouldlearnsomethingaboutcultureandcus-tomsofdifferentcountries.What'smore,whenabroad,weshouldkeepinmindthatwearerepresentingourcountryandtrynottodisgraceourcountry.Justastheproverbgoes,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”三、实战提能1995年联合国教科文组织宣布每年的4月23日为“世界读书日”。在今年的世界读书日来临之际,某中学的研究性学习小组分别对高一、高二和高三学生每周课外阅读所花费的时间情况进行了调查,下面的图表显示了他们的调查结果。 根据上图信息,请以“SeniorHighSchoolStudents'OutsideReading”为题目,用英语写一篇短文,内容包括:1.简要描述图中信息;2.分析产生这种结果的原因(如没有认识到阅读的重要性、课外作业多……);3.谈谈你的看法。注意:1.词数100~120;2.文章的开头已经给出,不计入总词数。文章体裁议论文主要人称第三人称主体时态一般现在时要点分解1.简要描述图中信息2.分析产生这种结果的原因3.谈谈自己的看法我会审题我会联想1.词汇铺路(1)占用takeup(2)养成……的习惯form/developthehabitof(3)开阔视野openone'seyes/broadenone'shorizons(4)认为……重要attachimportanceto(5)因此asaresult/consequence(6)课外阅读out-of-classreading我会表达SeniorHighSchoolStudents'OutsideReadingAsisshowninthechart,…___________________________________答案Onepossibleversion:SeniorHighSchoolStudents'OutsideReadingAsisshowninthechart,seniorhighschoolstudentsspendlesstimeonoutsidereadingastheirgraderises.Onaverage,studentsinSeniorOnespendsevenhoursonreadingperweek,thoseinSeniorTwofourhours,andSeniorThreestudentsspendonlytwohoursonreading.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,moststudentsdon'tattachenoughimportancetooutsidereading.Asaconsequence,theirsparetimeisoftentakenupbyotheractivities.Second,withtheirgradebecominghigher,theyhavemorehomeworktodo,leavinglesssparetimeforreading.Inmyopinion,itisveryimportantforstudentstodomorereadingtobroadentheirhorizons.Meanwhile,teachersshouldencouragetheirstudents'outsidereadingbyofferingthemalistofgoodbooks.美句必背1.Second,theyhavetoomuchhomeworktodooutsidereading.2.Itisvitalthatstudentsshoulddomorereadingtobroadentheirhorizons.实战提能