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MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China全球气候变化背景下的中国减灾战略与行动China’sDisasterReductionStrategiesandActionsintheContextofGlobalClimaticChangesMinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China提纲1.背景:对现状的认识和评估Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions2.中国的减灾战略和已取得的重要进展China’sstrategiesfordisasterreductionandtheimportantprogressmade3.今后5年的主要行动框架ThemajoractionframeworkfortheworkinthefollowingfiveyearsOutlineMinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.ChinaBackground:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditionsMinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China全球过去150年来最暖的9年出现在最近11年。在过去的100年中,全球平均地表温度升高了0.74±0.18℃,其中尤以1910-1945年,1979-2005年的升温最为明显。背景:对现状的认识和评估(1)Theprevious11yearshavewitnessedtheninewarmestyearsinthelast150years.Inthelast100years,theaveragesurfacetemperatureoftheglobehasrisenby0.74±0.18℃,themostobvioustemperatureincreasesoccurringduringtheyears1910-1945and1979-2005.Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(1)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China2007年1月29日-2月1日,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第一工作组通过的第四次评估报告中,基于6种可能的排放情景、气候模式对本世纪末全球平均气温进行了预估,低排放情景增温1.8℃,高排放情景的最佳增温估计值为4℃。背景:对现状的认识和评估(2)FromJan29thtoFeb.1st,2007,thefirstworkteamoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeoftheUnitedNations(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)(IPCC)adoptedthefourthassessmentreportinwhichestimatesweremadeabouttheaveragetemperatureoftheglobeattheendofthiscenturybasedonthesixpossibledischargingsituationsandclimatemodes.Anincreaseof1.8℃isestimatedinconsiderationofalow-leveldischarging,andanincreaseof4℃isestimatedinconsiderationofahigh-leveldischarging。Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(2)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China1.近百年来年均气温升高,尤其是北方地区增温明显,连续出现21个暖冬。2.区域降水变化波动较大,北方降水量减少,南方降水量有较为明显的增加。3.极端天气与气候事件发生的频度和强度加大。4.海平面上升加快。5.山地冰川加速退缩。背景:对现状的认识和评估(3)在全球气候变暖的大背景下,中国近百年来的气候变化与全球趋势基本一致。Withintheoverallbackgroundofglobalwarming,theclimaticchangesofChinainthelastcenturyareconsistentwiththeglobaltendency.•Averageannualtemperatureremainsonarisingpathforthepastcentury.ThisismorevisibleinnorthernpartofChinawiththeemergenceof21warmwintersinsuccession.•Therehasemergedasharpfluctuationinregionalrainfalls.Therainfallsinthenorthhavebeenonadownwardpath,whiletherainfallsinthesouthhavecontinuedtosurge.•Therehasbeengrowingfrequencyandferocityofextremeweatherandclimaticdisasters.•sealevelsarerisingmorerapidly.•glaciersareretreatingatafasterpace.Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(3)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China全球气候变暖影响人类社会的生存与发展,直接导致灾害风险加大,灾害发生的频度、强度及其造成的损失上升;极端气候事件和巨灾不断发生。背景:对现状的认识和评估(4)Globalwarmingaffectsthesustenanceanddevelopmentofthehumansociety,directlyleadstotheincreaseofdisasterrisks,drivesthefrequencyandintensityofdisastersandthecausedlossesonarisingpath,andevenresultsinthecontinualoccurrenceofextremeclimatesanddevastatingdisasters.Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(4)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China2006年5月印尼爪哇岛地震TheEarthquakeinJava,IndonesiainMay,20062005年10月南亚强烈地震ThegreatearthquakeinSouthAsiainOctober20052004年12月印度洋地震海啸TheEarthquake-inducedTsunamiinDecember20042005年8月美国“卡特里娜”飓风TheKatrinaHurricaneoccurringinAmericainAugust2005MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China中国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的少数国家之一。全国74%的省会城市、62%的地级以上城市位于高地震烈度区,70%以上的大城市、50%以上的人口分布在气象、地震、地质和海洋等灾害严重的地区。背景:对现状的认识和评估(5)Chinaremainsoneoffewcountriesthataremostseverelyafflictedbynaturaldisastersacrosstheworld.74%ofprovincialcapitalsand62%ofmunicipalitiesarepronetohigh-intensityearthquakes,over70%oflargecitiesandover50%ofthepopulationarevulnerabletometeorological,seismic,geologicalandoceanicdisasters.Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(5)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China2006年四川和重庆遭遇1951年以来最为严重的旱灾themostseveresummerdroughtsince1951hitSichuanandChongqing,2006.2006年8月10日超强台风“桑美”重创中国东南沿海SupertyphoonSaomaislammedintothecoastofeasternChina,August10th,20062005年6月13日,黑龙江沙兰镇中心小学被洪水淹没ShalanschoolwasdestroyedbyfloodinHeilongjiangProvince,June13,2005.MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China近10年来,我国年均受灾人口约3亿人(次),因灾倒塌房屋约400万间,紧急转移安置人口约400万人,直接经济损失超过2000亿元,自然灾害形势日趋严峻。全球气候变暖已是不争的事实,气候变化带来的严重后果变为日益显现的严酷现实。背景:对现状的认识和评估(6)Forthepastdecade,Chinahasfacedastillmoregloomypictureofnaturaldisasters,withroughly300millionpeopleaffected,4millionhousescollapsed,4millionpeopleevacuatedandover200billionRMByuanofdirecteconomiclossesincurredeveryyearontheaverage.Globalwarmingisnowacold,hardfact,asclimatechangeisnowtakingamorevisibletollonhumankind.Background:recognitionandassessmentoftheexistingconditions(6)MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.ChinaChina’sstrategiesfordisasterreductionandtheimportantprogressmadeMinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China背景(1)Background(1)近年来,国际社会为减缓气候变化做出了不懈努力。作为减缓和适应气候变化的重要举措,高度重视减轻灾害风险与社会协调发展的相互关系。Theinternationalcommunityhasbeenmakingunrelentingeffortsinrecentyearstodecelerateclimaticchangesoftheglobeandattachesgreatimportancetothemutualrelationshipsofdisasterriskreductionandtheharmoniousdevelopmentofthesocietyasanimportantmeasureforthedecelerationofandtheadaptationtotheclimaticchanges.MinistryofCivilAffairs,P.R.China2005年1月召开的第二次世界减灾大会,形成了《加强国家和社区的抗灾能力:2005-2015年兵库行动纲领》。200
本文标题:全球气候变化背景下的中国减灾战略与行动
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