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项目开发过程与投资项目评估目标1.全面了解项目开发过程2.明确每一环节的主要工作3.掌握在项目评估中常用的模型4.了解投资项目评估的基本方法5.掌握项目开发过程中必要的商务写作方法与技巧项目开发过程Projectdevelopmentprocess项目预案市场调研商业环境分析(S.T.E.P)行业分析(Porter’sfiveforces)现状分析(S.W.O.T)可行性分析商业计划实施项目预案ProposalProjectdescription(项目综述)Backgroundinformation/StatementofproblemProjectdetailGoalsandobjectives(目标)Methods(方法)Staff/Administration(员工和管理部门)Availableresources(可用的资源)Neededresources(需要的资源)Personnel(人员)Budget(预算)Supplies(供给)Facilities(设备等便利条件)EvaluationPlan(评估计划)市场调查MarketingResearchDefinitionTheprocessbywhichacompanyobtains/collectsspecificinformationrelatingtoitscompetitivesituationforthepurposesofmakingbetterqualitydecisions.……oftenseenasacost,shouldbeseenasaninvestment市场调查过程ThemarketingresearchprocessDefinetheproblem(限定问题)Definetheappropriatedatasources(限定合适的数据源)Collectthedata(收集数据)Analysethedata(数据分析)Interpretandreportthefindings(解释并报告调查的结果)市场调查的主要内容KeyareasformarketingresearchMarketsize(市场规模)Markettrends(市场趋势)Marketpotential(市场潜力)Companybrand/image(公司品牌/形象)Customerbehaviour(顾客行为)Customerneeds/wants(顾客需求)Customersatisfaction(顾客满意度)Competitoractivities(竞争者活动)Competitorperformance(竞争者表现)Widerbusinessenvironment(商业大环境)二手资料和一手资料SecondaryDataandPrimaryDataSecondarydataAdvantagesCanbemoreaccurateCanbemorecomprehensiveCheaper/quickerthanprimarydataCanavoidunnecessaryprimarydatacollectionDisadvantagesRelevance?Accurate?Bias?PrimarydataInterviewsSurveysMailsTelephonePersonalOnlineExperimentsObservation商业环境分析BusinessenvironmentanalysisS.T.E.P.model-Socialfactors(社会因素)-Technologicalfactors(技术因素)-Economicfactors(经济因素)-Politicalfactors(政策因素)行业分析IndustryanalysisPORTER’SFIVEFORCESNewEntrantsSuppliersBuyersSubstituteIndustryCompetitorsIntensityofrivalry新进入者的威胁ThreatofNewEntrantsEntrybarriers(进入障碍)Proprietaryproductdifferences(产品差别)Brandidentity(品牌识别)Switchingcosts(转移成本)Capitalrequirement(资本需求)Accesstodistribution(销售渠道)Absolutecostadvantages(绝对成本优势)Governmentpolicy(政府政策)Expectedretaliation(预期反击)供应商操纵力BargainingPowerofSuppliersDeterminantsofsupplierpower(供应商操纵力的决定因素)Differentiationofinputs(供应的独特性)Presenceofsubstituteinputs(替代品的存在)Supplierconcentration(供应商集中程度)Importanceofvolumetosupplier(批量对供应商的重要程度)Impactofinputsoncostordifferentiation(对于成本及独特性的影响)Threatsofforwardintegration(前置整合的威胁)购买者操纵力TheBargainingPowerofBuyersDeterminantsofbuyerpower(购买者操纵力的决定因素)Bargainingleverage(交易影响因素)Buyerconcentrationvsfirmconcentration(购买者集中程度)Buyervolume(购买者容量)Buyerswitchingcosts(购买者转移成本)Buyerinformation(购买者信息)Pricesensitivity(价格敏感度)Priceoftotalpurchases(总购买价格)Productdifferences(产品差别)Brandidentity(品牌识别)Impactonquality/performance(对质量/行为的影响)Buyerprofits(购买者的利益)Decisionmakers’incentives(决策者的驱动力)替代品的威胁ThreatofSubstitutesDeterminantsofsubstitutionthreat(替代品威胁的决定因素)Relativeprice/performanceofsubstitutes(替代品的相对价格/表现)Switchingcosts(转移成本)Buyerpropensitytosubstitute(购买者对替代品的倾向)行业竞争状况TherivalryintheindustryIndustrycompetitors(行业竞争者)HowmanyHowtheyperformHowtheypositionordifferentiateWhat’sthecorecompetenciesofthemIsthereanicheinthemarket现状分析SituationAnalysisThekeycomponentsofsituationanalysisformarketingstrategydevelopment收集市场信息内部分析竞争者分析市场分析内部优劣势分析外部机会和风险分析SWOT可行性分析FeasibilityStudy目的:可行性报告是为了减小企业的投资风险和错误成本,提高决策的成功率。投资项目评估我们应该做这个项目吗?可行性报告格式OutlineofFeasibilityStudyExecutivesummary(执行概述)Introduction(引言)Overviewoftheproject(项目综述)Rationalefortheproject(背景介绍:包括经济,政治,技术,文化等方面,宏观与微观的市场,用户、供应者、竞争者分析)Strategiesfortheproject(SWOT)Evaluationofalternativestrategiesandrecommendations(作出三种预测和投资回报分析,即最佳状况,正常状况,最差状况,如果最差状况可以接受,方能通过)Economic,financial,andaccountingassumptions(设定条件:对经济、金融、以及财务计算作出假设)Methodsforraisingcapital(筹集资金的办法)可行性报告格式OutlineofFeasibilityStudyCapitalstructure(资本结构)Cashflowanalysisfor5years(5年现金流分析)Varyingproject’sscenariosforsensitivitystudyandstresstests(风险分析:对潜在市场变化,潜在用户变化,潜在竞争形势变化,风险与潜在风险,问题与潜在问题有一个具体的分析和应变措施,把意外情况的影响控制在最低水平)Conclusions(结论)商业计划BusinessPlan1.Executivesummary(执行概要)2.Companyvision/mission(公司宗旨)3.Product(产品或服务)4.Businessenvironment(商业环境)5.Industryanalysis(行业分析)6.SWOT7.Investmentrequirement8.Management(管理团队)9.OrganizationConstruction(组织结构)10.Financialissues(财务问题)11.Implement(实施方案:“里程碑”式的分阶段检查标准和时间表)12.Attachment实施ImplementMakethingshappenPeopleTimemanaging/ScheduleCommunicationCoordinationControl祝你成功!THEEND
本文标题:项目过程与评估
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