动词时态和语态重点讲解

精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜动词时态和语态重点讲解篇一：动词时态和语态讲解动词时态和语态讲解动词时态1.一般现在时的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。【例1】I___allthecookingformyfamily，butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.A.willdoB.doC.amdoingD.haddone【例2】Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A.roseB.raisesC.risesD.isrising2.一般现在时在状语从句中的用法在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例3】—When________again？—Whenhe________，I’llletyouknow.精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜A.hecomes；comesB.willhecome；willcomeC.hecomes；willcomeD.willhecome；comes【例4】Ican’ttellyouifit________tomorrowifyou________me.A.rains；willaskB.shallrain；askC.willrain；askD.wouldrain；willask二、一般过去时1.一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。(2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，lastyear，theotherday，justnow，threedaysago，in1999等。【例5】SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincethe1900s，whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegun【例6】—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe________！A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。【例7】Hesaidhewouldgotoseehismotherwhenhe精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜________fromabroad.A.returnedB.wasreturnedC.wouldreturnD.hadreturned【例8】Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A.hasleft；comesB.left；hadcomeC.hadleft；cameD.hadleft；wouldcome三、现在进行时1.现在进行时的基本用法：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。【例9】—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends________forus.A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting【例10】Thesedaysmyfather________anovel.A.writesB.iswritingC.haswrittenD.willwrite2.用进行时表示将来的情况某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，takeoff等。【例11】He________toseeyoutomorrow.A.comesB.hascomeC.iscomingD.wascoming3.always等副词在进行时中表达的意义always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【例12】John________ofwhathecandoforothers.A.alwaysthinkB.isalwaysthinkingC.hasalwaysthoughtD.willalwaysthink【例13】You________TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive？A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatched4.一般不用于进行时的动词状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belongto，concern，contain，cost，dependon，deserve，have(有)，haveon，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。【例14】I________Tomquitewell.Wewereintroducedataparty.A.amknowingB.wasknowingC.knowD.hadbeenknowing【例15】—Youaredrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone________mebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜四、过去进行时1.【例16】Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket，wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2021·湖南)A.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesold【例17】—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI？—You________youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying【例18】Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting2.过去进行时的其他用法(1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。(2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用,可表示某种感情色彩。【例19】Helosthiswatchwhenhe________football.A.playedB.wasplayingC.hadplayedD.wouldplay【例20】TheleadersthoughtillofMrs.Black，becauseshe________.精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜A.wasalwayscomplainingB.hadalwayscomplainedC.wouldalwayscomplainD.willalwaysbecomplaining五、现在完成时1.现在完成时的基本用法主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点：(1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：inthepastfewyears，bynow，uptonow，sofar，already，yet，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，manytimes，just等。【例21】—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20？—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2021·北京)A.hadn’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.don’tmakeD.haven’tmade【例22】They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜【例23】—IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherbirthday.—Oh，hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe________？A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left2.现在完成时在It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime(that)...结构中的应用该结构中，that引导的从句常用现在完成时。【例24】—Doyouknowourtownatall？—No，thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming3.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。【例25】—Youdidn’tlockthebackdoor.—Youarewrong.I________.A.didlockitB.havelockeditC.lockitmyselfD.dolockit【例26】Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews？It________onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe【例27】—DoesLiuHuiserveinthearmy？—No，buthe________inthearmyfor3years.精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜A.servedB.hasservedC.isservingD.wouldserve4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：I’vebeenwritinganarticle.(还在写)/I’vewrittenanarticle.(已写好)【例28】I’mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping六、过去完成时1.过去完成时基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即