2020年高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Section Ⅳ Grammar &

Module6OldandNewSectionⅣGrammar&Writing非限制性定语从句&定语从句的省略第一板块单元语法1．(教材P51)TheGreatWallofChinaisthelongestman­madestructureever___________(build)．2．(教材P53)MaoZedongwroteapoemin___________hedreamedof“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerisesinthenarrowgorges”．whichbuilt3．(教材P53)TheThreeGorgesDam,___________isthebiggestconstructionprojectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal,hasbeenbuilttocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro­electricpowerforthecentralregionofChina.4．(教材P53)SunYat­sen，___________wastheleaderofthe1911Revolution,firstsuggestedtheideaofadamacrosstheYangtzeRiverin1919.5．(教材P53)Morethanamillionpeople___________livedintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.whichwhowho一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。1．关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句(1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。◆ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《中国日报》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。(2)who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。◆Tom,whoisourmoniter,waspraisedbyourteacheryesterday.昨天我们的老师表扬了我们的班长汤姆。(3)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。◆Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isgoingtoParisnextweek.你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。(4)whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，先行词是人时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋ofwhom。先行词是物时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋ofwhich。◆(四川卷)Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。◆Thetree,thebranchesofwhicharealmostbare,isaveryoldone.这是一棵非常古老的树，它的树枝几乎都光秃秃的。(5)as既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。◆Asweknow,smokingisharmfultopeople'shealth.众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。[温馨提示]as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句中和句末；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分，从句只能位于先行词之后。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，常被译为“正如”，多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事),aswasexpected(不出所料),asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样),asisknowntoall(众所周知),ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述),asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。而which常被译为“这一点，那”，并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。◆Sheisalwaysworkinghard,aseveryonecansee.正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。◆Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.这本书是我昨天买的，很有教育意义。◆Aseveryonecansee,sheishonest.→Sheishonest,whicheveryonecansee.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。◆Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。◆Ascanbeseenfromhisface,heisquitepleased.从他的表情可以看出来，他非常高兴。2．关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句当先行词指时间或地点时，且在定语从句中作状语时，用when,where引导非限制性定语从句，why不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用forwhich代替。◆Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。◆ThestoryinthebookhappenedinCanada,whereDoctorBethunewasborn.书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”结构此类结构常见的有some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargest...ofwhich/whom等形式。◆Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。◆Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。二、定语从句的省略1．省略作宾语、表语的关系代词在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。◆Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawlastnightwasLiMing.我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。◆Johnisnotthenaughtboy(who/that)heusedtobe.约翰不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。[温馨提示](1)当关系代词whom和which直接位于介词之后时，whom/which不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。2．定语从句的缩略有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语言现象为定语从句的缩略。◆Therearestillmanyproblemsthatmustbesolved.→Therearestillmanyproblemstosolve.还有许多问题需要解决。◆Thepeoplewholiveinthevillagehavemovedtootherareas.→Thepeoplelivinginthevillagehavemovedtootherareas.住在村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了。◆Thehousewhichwasdamagedinthefirewillberebuiltsoon.→Thehousedamagedinthefirewillberebuiltsoon.在火灾中损坏的房子不久将被重建。◆Thequestionwhichwillbediscussedtomorrowiswhetherworkers'salaryshouldbeincreased.→Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowiswhetherworkers'salaryshouldbeincreased.明天要讨论的问题是工人薪水是否应该增加。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(江苏卷)Thenumberofsmokers，___________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.2．Themeeting，___________washeldinthepark,wasattendedby1,000people.3．TheycametoChinainthe1970s，___________Chinawasnotopentotheoutsideworld.aswhichwhen4．___________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.5．(天津卷)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，eachof___________usesitdifferently.6．Shegaveanotherpieceofadvice，___________Ithinkisofgreathelptotheresearchwork.7．Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，___________constructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.Aswhichwhichwhose8．(2019·山西四校期中联考)Julieenjoyedreadingwhenyoung.Shegrewupinakeymiddleschoolinhercity,___________herparentsbothtaughtChinese.9．ThenInoticedanelderlyladywalkingwithdifficultyinfrontofme,___________seemedinher80s.10．Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itookafewdaysofftogotravelling,___________turnedouttobeawisedecision.wherewhowhichⅡ.单句改错1．Therearemanystudentsplaybasketballontheplayground.___________2．Theresultsoftheexperimentprovedtobeverygood,thatwasmorethanweexpected.___________3．Whichwe'veseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.___________play→playingthat→whichWhich→As4．Mr.Smith,fromwhoIhavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.___________5．WhatcanIdotorescuethegirltrappinginthebigfire？_________________who→whomtrapping→trappedⅢ.语法与写作1．报纸上报道说，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。Ourcountryha