2020年高中英语 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventio

Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaSectionⅣGrammar&Writing限制性定语从句第一板块单元语法1．(教材P43)AncientChinawasaplace___________stateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.2．(教材P43)Butitwasalsoatime___________thereweremanygreatphilosophers.3．(教材P43)Confucius(551BC～479BC)isthephilosopher___________influencehasbeenthegreatest.4．(教材P43)Menciuswasathinker___________teachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius.whenwhosewhosewhere5．(教材P43)Menciusbelievedthatthereason___________manisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.6．(教材P43)Moziwasanotherteacher___________wasveryinfluential.7．(教材P43)Asaresult,hespentmanyyearstryingtofindastate___________peoplewouldfollowhisteachings.8．(教材P43)Mozitaughtthatweshouldloveallhumanbeingsandlookafterthose___________areweakerthanourselves.whowherewhowhy在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。一、关系代词的用法1．that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。◆Thenumberofpeoplethatcametovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。◆Thedishes(that/which)IcookedwereMom'sfavorite.我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。◆Theman(that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。◆Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。[温馨提示]先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，如all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时只能用that而不用which的情况当先行词既有人又有物时只用which而不用that的情况关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that◆GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。◆Heistheverypersonthattheyarelookingfor.他正是他们在找的人。◆Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheycouldrememberintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。◆Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他住的房间。2．who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。◆Heistheman(who/whom)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。◆Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。3．whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。◆Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildren(＝thechildrenofwhom)oftenmakealotofnoise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。◆Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(＝thecoverofwhich)isgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4．as的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such,thesame等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。◆Sheissuchanicegirlaswealllike.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。◆Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)◆ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)二、关系副词的用法关系副词指代先行词在从句中充当的成分when(＝介词＋which)时间时间名词时间状语where(＝介词＋which)地点地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)地点状语why(＝for＋which)原因reason原因状语◆IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoschool.我仍然记得我第一次去学校的日子。◆Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。◆Thisisthehousewheretheylivedaweekago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。◆ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。[温馨提示]当先行词是时间名词、地点名词或thereason时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只用whom(指人)或which(指物)，不可用that。◆Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？◆Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。◆Thisistheworkerwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。[温馨提示]在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，确定介词的原则是：一先、二动、三意义。一先，即根据先行词确定介词；二动，即根据从句谓语动词来确定介词；三意义，即根据从句的意义来确定介词。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Heistheman___________livesnextdoor.2．Thehousefellandhurtawomanandherdog___________werejustpassingby.3．(2019·江苏泰州一中期中)—WhendidyouknowMr.Wang?—Itwaslastmonth___________hewasknockeddownbyamotorbike.thatwhenwho/that4．Thisisthehotel___________theyarestaying.5．PlatowasoneoftheGreekPhilosophers___________ideashaveinfluencedWesternsociety.6．Idon'tknowthereason___________helooksunhappytoday.7．Themanwith___________myfatherisshakinghandsisapoliceman.8．By16:30,___________wasalmosttheclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.whosewhywhomwhichwhere9．Acomputerissousefulamachine___________wecanuseeverywhere.10．Salesdirectorisaposition___________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.whereasⅡ.单句改错1．Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersonswhichnoneofushaseverheardof.___________2．Tibetissuchplacethatallthepeopleallovertheworldaredreamingofvisiting.___________3．ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.___________that→as去掉itwhich→that4．ThestudentinthatalloftheteacherstookgreatpridewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversitylastyear.___________5．Wewillallrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.___________when→thatthat→whomⅢ.语法与写作1．我给你看看我刚从图书馆借的小说。Letmeshowyouthenovel_______________________________________.2．站在门口的那个人是谁？Whoistheperson_______________________3．这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。Thisisthesamepen___________________________.that/whichIborrowedfromthatisstandingatthegate?asIboughtyesterdaythelibrary4．我永远不会忘记我们在一起学习的日子。I'llneverforgettheday_______________________________.5．这是这位著名作家曾经居住过的房间。Thisistheroom___________________________________.whenwestud