2020版新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Friends forever Using language

Unit4FriendsforeverUsinglanguage限制性定语从句(that/which/who/whose)【语用功能】定语从句在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用。【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空:Doyouknowtheman____spokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thetrain__________hasjustleftisforShenzhen.whowhich/that【要义详析】一、定语从句的概述定语从句定义在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句关系词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that;as关系副词when;where;why可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句本单元主要学习由关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导的限制性定语从句【即学活用】合并句子(1)Themanisaminer.Helivesoppositeourhouse.Theman_____________________________isaminer.who/thatlivesoppositeourhouse(2)Hewillvisitthefamousdamin2019.Itwasbuiltin1900.Hewillvisitthefamousdamin2019________________________.which/thatwasbuiltin1900(3)Thestudentwillorganizethepartyofourschool.Wesawhimattheschoolgate.世纪金榜导学号Thestudent_____________________________________willorganizethepartyofourschool.(who/whom/that)wesawattheschoolgate(4)Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.Iwanttotalktotheboys___________________________________.whosehomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词所指代(即先行词)在定语从句中所作的句子成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语whose人/物定语*Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywillbeconcernedaboutthisitem.任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。*Therescueworker(whom/that/who)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的救援人员已经来了。*Maryisfondofmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。*Thepartythat/whichwasorganizedbyTomwasheldoutdoorsatdusk.由汤姆组织的晚会,傍晚时在户外举行。*Ifrequentlyvisitedascientistwhosenamewasknownalloverthecountry.我经常会去拜访一个全国知名的科学家。【名师点津】关系代词的选择误区(1)关系代词that可指人,也可以指物,可与关系词which/who/whom互换,但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语;(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换,若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom;whom在从句中不作主语;(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)。【即学活用】(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters____hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Evenworse,theamountoffastfood____peopleeatgoesup.whothat(3)(2017·北京高考)Thelittleproblems____wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(4)(2017·北京高考)Whatcouldbemorefunthanagift____keepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?(5)(2016·北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.thatthatwhose三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。*Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。*Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是第一个从废墟中被挖出的幸存者。3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。*Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveintoourparents’ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就是服从于父母的观点。4.当先行词既指人,又指物时。*IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里见到的人和一些照片。5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。*Whoisthemanthatcametorescueyouinthatdisaster?在那次灾难中来救你的人是谁呀?6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。*Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是过去的样子了。【即学活用】(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Nowall____wasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforsomething____ismissing.thatthat(3)(2017·浙江高考)Teenagerstendtodothings____excitethem.(4)Thedriverandhiscar____fellintotheriverhavenotyetbeendiscovered.thatthat