2020版高考英语一轮总复习 语法 专题1 构词法课件 新人教版

第二部分语法专题专题一构词法一、名词的构词法1．动词变名词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀3.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：语篇填空AFromthe__1__(express)onMary'sface,heknewheleftabad__2__(impress)onherandifshewonthe__3__(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment__4__(organize),hecouldnotgether__5__(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof__6__(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation，hegot__7__(inspire)fromhiswife'swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis__8__(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear，youarereallyawonderful__9__(help)！I'msureIwillbethe__10__(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9．10.expressionimpressionelectionOrganizationpermissionpollutioninspirationdeterminationhelperwinnerBItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His__1__(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses，sowhenhiswifegave__2__(bear)totheirseconddaughter，theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritiousfood.Soon，poornutritioncausedthe__3__(die)ofthepoorbaby.__4__(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno__5__(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis__6__(brave)and__7__(persevere)，hemanagedtogainthe__8__(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent__9__(settle).Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis：Perseveranceleadsto__10__(happy)andsuccess.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9．10.earningsbirthdeathLonelinessrelationsbraveryperseverancecitizenshipsettlementhappiness二、形容词、副词后缀1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的后缀例词­almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的后缀例词­edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的­ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的后缀例词­iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的后缀例词­ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的­erneast→eastern东方的；向东的­ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的­icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加­ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加­lyfortunate→fortunately幸运地clear→clearly清楚地slow→slowly缓慢地immediate→immediately立即改y为­ilyhappy→happily高兴地easy→easily容易地去e加­lytrue→truly真诚地；确实possible→possibly可能地simple→simply简单地gentle→gently温柔地Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Findingsomestrangemenhangingabout,thewomanquicklylockedherdoor,very(scare)．2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityis(attract)．3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheis(rely)．4．Inmyopinion,weshouldtakeroadsafety(serious)inourdailylife.5．(lucky),healsohadacowproducingmilkeveryday.scaredattractivereliableseriouslyLuckilyⅡ.语篇填空MaryhadlivedinChinafor__1__(near)twentyyearsbeforeshecamehere.I'veplannedtovisitChinanextyear.SoIrequestedhertotellmethe__2__(good)timetogothere.Marysaidtome,“ThemostcomfortabletimetovisitChinaiseitherbetweenMarchandMayorbetweenSeptemberandearlyNovember.Duringthesemonths,theweatheris__3__(particular)pleasantthroughoutthecountry,neithertoohotnortoocold.”I'm__4__(interest)intastingallkindsoffoodallovertheworld.Iaskedhertosaysomethingaboutthe__5__(China)food.“Well,Chinesefoodisdeliciousand__6__(reasonable)priced.Whatiseven__7__(good)isthatrestaurantsdonotaskfororaccepttips.”shesaid__8__(patient).“LanguagecanbeaprobleminChina,__9__(especial)forfirst­timevisitors.”saidMary.Sheadvisedmetolearnsome__10__(base)wordsandphrases.Moreover,sheremindedmetocarryanEnglish­Chinesepocketdictionary.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9．10.nearlybestparticularlyinterestedChinesereasonablybetterpatientlyespeciallybasic三、动词词缀前缀en­endangerv.使处于危险之中encouragev.鼓励enrichv.丰富enlargev.变大；增大；扩大后缀­ensharpenv.使锋利shortenv.缩短widenv.加宽­fybeautifyv.美化simplifyv.简化classifyv.归类purify提纯­izelocalizev.使地方化realizev.认识到popularizev.普及单句语法填空1．Theseactivities(able)thestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.2．Iworkhardto(real)mydream.3．Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcan(broad)theirhorizon.4．Youshould(simple)youridea.enablerealizebroadensimplify5．Tryyourbestto(memory)thesenewwords.6．Thequestionmustbe(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.7．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplanto(pure)thewastewater.8．ThebankofJapanbeganto(low)interestratesinJuly1991,soonafterpropertypricesbegantodecline.9．Youcan(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.10．Thesentence(summary)theinformationgivenabove.memorizesimplifiedpurifylowerenlargesummarized四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable不能够unlucky不幸的dis­不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous不连贯的in­不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im­不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir­不，非irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il­不，非illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的non­不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop连续不断的mis­错误mislead误导misunderstand误解dis­＋动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree不同意un­＋动