2020版高考英语一轮总复习 8-3 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

第一部分回归教材选修8Unit1～Unit5Unit3Inventorsandinventions考点突破02基础自测01随堂演练03基础自测01重温教材稳固基础Ⅰ.单词回顾(一)拓展单词1．abruptadj.突然的；意外的→adv.突然地；唐突地2．convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的→n.方便；便利→adv.便利地；方便地3．cautionn.小心；谨慎→adj.小心的；谨慎的→adv.小心地；谨慎地4．n.预料；期待；期望→expectv.预料；期待；期望；认为abruptlyconvenienceconvenientlycautiouscautiouslyexpectation5．adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freezev.冰冻；严寒→adj.冰冻的；严寒的6．innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→n.天真；清白7．bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担→(过去式/过去分词)8．tapvt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头→(过去式/过去分词)9．currentn.(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的→adv.现时；目前freezingfrozeninnocencebore/bornetapped/tappedcurrently10．adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→adj.残忍的；无情的→mercyn.宽恕；仁慈11．associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴→n.社团；协会；联合；联想12．adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practicen.实践；练习→adj.不明智的；不现实的13．ripeadj.成熟的→vt.使成熟14．extensionn.电话分机；扩大；延伸→vt.延长mercifulmercilessassociationpracticalimpracticalripenextend(二)重点单词1．distinguishvi.&vt.2．seizevt.3．filen．vt.4．passiveadj.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别抓住；捉住；夺文件；档案；文件夹提交；将……归档被动的；消极的；被动语态的5．dynamicadj.6．patentn．7．validadj.8．ripeadj.9．dialvt.10．rainfalln．11．stableadj.12．competencen．13．productn．充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的专利证书；专利权有效的；确凿的熟的；成熟的拨(电话)降雨稳固的；稳定的；安定的能力；胜利；本领产品【联想】1．形容词＋­ly后缀变副词①abrupt→突然地②convenient→方便地③cautious→小心地；谨慎地④unexpected→出乎意料地⑤occasional→偶然地；不时地abruptlyconvenientlycautiouslyunexpectedlyoccasionally2．后缀­ive形容词集锦①主动的②被动的③积极的④消极的⑤主观的⑥客观的activepassivepositivenegativesubjectiveobjective3．含fore­前缀的单词面面观①n.额头②n.前臂③vt.预报④vt.预见；预知⑤n.前言⑥v.预言；预示foreheadforearmforecastforeseeforewordforetellⅡ.短语回顾1．给……打电话；使想起2．偶尔；有时3．开始做；着手做4．迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．开始(做)6．不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住callupnowandthensetaboutdoingdiveintosetout(todo)hangon7．次序颠倒；发生故障8．设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过9．回复电话10．挂断电话outofordergetthroughringbackringoff【联想】1．“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃①into一心投入②into突然闯入③into撞上④into调查⑤into撞上⑥into破门而入diveburstrunlookknockbreak2．“动词＋back”短语一览①back拿回；撤销②back带回；使恢复③back回顾④back追溯到⑤back隐瞒；忍住⑥back控制住takebringlookdatekeephold3．“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触①nowand偶尔；有时②occasion偶尔；有时③fromtimeto偶尔；有时④times偶尔；有时⑤inawhile偶尔；有时thenontimeatonceⅢ.佳句必背1．before引导的时间状语从句ThenextmorningIgotupearly.第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。2．状语从句的省略Buttheytriedtobiteme.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。beforethesunwashotoncepickedup,3．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句saythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。4．everytime...每次……，引导时间状语从句youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.每当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。OnlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyouEverytime5．祈使句＋and＋陈述句Followitup,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。exploreallaroundit,Ⅳ.课文回顾WhenIcalledupmymother,shetoldmesnakescamenearthehousenowandthenandthesnakesseemed__1__(make)homethere.Herewas__2__chanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomething__3__(mercy)thatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Itriedtofindsomeproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowders__4__(design)tokillsnakes.Iset__5__researchingthehabitsofsnakes.__6__(prepare)withsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossible__7__(approach).LaterIchosethelastonetocoolthesnakessothattheywouldbecomesleepyandcouldbeeasilycaught.Mythirdattemptwassuccessful.Icarriedinmyhandasmallnetinthe__8__(expect)thatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotrouble.Icollectedthepassivesnakes__9__thenextdaywe__10__(merry)releasedthemallbackintothewild.1．2.3.4.5.6．7.8.9.10.tohavemadeamercifuldesignedaboutPreparedapproachesexpectationandmerrilyⅤ.单元语法过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语1．Theboy'sfatherwasvery(disappoint)tohearhisson'spooracademicrecord.2．Forestfiresareoftencausedby(break)glassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.3．Therearemorethan740millionChinese(expose)tosecond­handsmokinginpublicplacesnow.disappointedbrokenexposed4．WhenIgotintotheoffice,IfoundMrGreen(bury)inhiswork,withoutnoticingmyarrival.5．Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget(pay)bythehour.buriedpaid考点突破02核心考点各个击破核心单词重难突破1．distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。(1)distinguishbetweenAandB区分A和Bdistinguish...from...把……与……区分开来distinguishoneselfas作为……而出名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名bedistinguishedas...作为……而出名[练习](1)单句语法填空①Honestlyspeaking,Iadmireyour(distinguish)achievements.②Itisthesuperiorintelligenceandtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmantheotheranimals.③Asfarasweallknow,LangPinghasalreadydistinguishedherselfagreatvolleyballcoachintheworld.(2)完成句子It'snotalwayseasythegoodguysthebadones.分清好人和坏人并不总是那么容易。distinguishedfromastodistinguishfrom2．mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的We'dbetterteachallotherpeopletobemerciful.我们最好教导其他所有人要慈悲。(1)bemercifulto对……仁慈(2)mercyn．仁慈；宽容；怜悯showmercytohavemercyon对……怜悯atthemercyof任……的摆布(3)mercilessadj.无情的；残忍的[练习]单句语法填空①Iprayyoutoshowmercythechild.②AftertheParisattacks,FrenchPresidentsaidhiscountrywouldn'thavemercyISandwouldintensifyairstrikesagainstit.toon3．abruptadj.突然的；意外的Theroadisfullofabruptturnsandisdangerousformotoring.这条路到处都是急转弯，开汽车很危险。abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地abruptnessn.鲁莽；唐突[练习]单句改错Heabruptchangedhismindbeforethefinalday.abrupt改为abruptly4．convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的Theya